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J Archaeol Sci 32 (12)
Title
The title of the publication or report
Title:
J Archaeol Sci 32 (12)
Series
The series the publication or report is included in
Series:
Journal of Archaeological Science
Volume
Volume number and part
Volume:
32 (12)
Publication Type
The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book
Publication Type:
Journal
Editor
The editor of the publication or report
Editor:
Karl W Butzer
John P Grattan
Richard G Klein
Thilo Rehren
Publisher
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Publisher:
Elsevier Science
Year of Publication
The year the book, article or report was published
Year of Publication:
2005
Source
Where the record has come from or which dataset it was orginally included in.
Source:
BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Relations
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Relations:
URI:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03054403
Created Date
The date the record of the pubication was first entered
Created Date:
14 Mar 2006
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
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Abstract
Understanding complex fragmented assemblages of human and animal remains: a fully integrated approach
Alan K Outram
C J Knüsel
Stephanie Knight
Anthony F Harding
1699 - 1710
Fragmented, co-mingled assemblages of human and animal bones are not uncommon in archaeological deposits, particularly in prehistoric contexts. The authors suggest, firstly, that standard approaches to studying the human material do not lend themselves to the complete understanding of such contexts, secondly, that the application of some techniques more common to zooarchaeology are of particular value in understanding such human material, and, thirdly, that fully integrated, identical recording systems for both human and animal material allow for much greater understanding of the relative peri-mortem, depositional and post-depositional histories of human and animal remains in these complex deposits. Such a fully integrated method of recording, that permits direct comparison of the patterning in the human and animal assemblages, is outlined. These methods encompass issues of identification, ageing, quantification, fragmentation, bone fracture analysis, post-depositional taphonomy and evidence of human-induced butchery/trauma and other modifications. The approach is illustrated with examples drawn from the study of the bone deposits at the Middle Bronze Age ritual enclosure of Velim Skalka, Czech Republic.
Analyzing cut marks: lessons from artiodactyl remains in the northweste...
R L Lyman
1722 - 1732
The author argues that many studies of the human behavioural significance of frequencies of cut-marked mammal bones focus on determining the so-called `butchering pattern', and that few analysts comment on the tremendous range of variation in frequencies and anatomical distributions of cut marks across multiple assemblages of remains of a taxon. Such variation is evident even when faunal remains are associated with technologically, temporally, and environmentally similar cultures. This kind of variation is illustrated with frequencies of cut marked bone specimens comprising major limb joints of two artiodactyl genera from two sites in the northwestern United States. Three hypotheses are tested. The first and second hypotheses (one per genus) predict that the frequencies of cut-marked remains of a taxon from one site will match those frequencies evident on the remains of the same taxon at the other site. Both hypotheses are falsified. The third hypothesis is that remains of the larger taxon at each site will display more cut marks than the remains of the smaller taxon at each site. This hypothesis is statistically falsified at one site but not the other. Refutation of the hypotheses suggests that well-founded interpretations of frequencies of cut-marked remains may require unique kinds of contextual data.
The elemental chemistry of lithic microwear: an experiment
Adrian A Evans
Randolph R E Donahue
1733 - 1740
The paper examines the ability of elemental analysis to distinguish microwear traces on stone tools. The authors' research hypothesised that cleaning procedures of experimental specimens may have heavily influenced previous studies in this area. Experimental flakes were used and cleaned by two alternative methods before laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was applied to study use-wear chemistry. The results showed that elementally recognisable traces remain on stone surfaces even with severe cleaning. Also studied were archaeological sickle blades from two sites in northern England. The results were counter-intuitive demonstrating that experimentally validated models potentially require extensive modification and clarification before being applied to archaeological material. This research identifies methodological problems and errors concerning cleaning within previous experimental studies and highlights new directions for this quantitative analytic approach in microwear analysis.
Palaeoenvironments, the archaeological record and cereal pollen detection at Clickimin, Shetland, Scotland
Kevin J Edwards
Graeme Whittington
Marie Robinson
Daniela Richter
1741 - 1756
The Loch of Clickimin, Shetland, is well known for its broch and associated monuments supposedly of the Bronze and Iron Ages, although the former date is disputed. Pollen, diatom and sedimentological investigations permit fresh insights into the landscape and economic impacts of those who constructed the monuments, reveal that the environs of the site experienced environmental change from Neolithic times onward and provide the first Holocene radiocarbon dates from the immediate locality. The broch-building period witnessed a continuation of pre-existing pastoral husbandry for which heather burning may have exacerbated the natural spread of blanket peat. Initially, no evidence was adduced for local arable activity in the present investigation, and this was thought to be consistent possibly with the low numbers of excavated querns and the absence of cereal macrofossil finds when compared with other Shetland broch sites. The application of 'rapid scanning' techniques, however, led to the discovery of a consistent cereal-type pollen representation from Bronze Age times onwards. The discrepancies between the palaeoenvironmental evidence and the environmental and palaeoeconomic inferences made by the excavator of the site are explored. Evidence is presented that both supports and contradicts previous assumptions surrounding an important archaeological site.