Studia Celtica 33

An examination of the frequent use of an extensive timber framework and wooden revetment in hillforts of the earlier Iron Age, compared to later hillforts and enclosures which made greater use of banks and ditches. The author argues that these changes may have been initiated as a result of an increasing shortage of the timber necessary for such defences. Includes

In 1993 the site of a thirteenth-century royal court or llys of the princes of Gwynedd was identified near the village of Newborough in south-west Anglesey. During excavations a number of the buildings of the complex were investigated including a timber hall and associated masonry chamber block. The llys, occupying an area of approximately 1.3 acres, was enclosed by a perimeter wall. An early phase of activity pre-dating the hall and chamber block, represented by a bank and ditch and associated rubble spreads has also been identified. The complex was abandoned in the early fourteenth century, and overwhelmed by wind-blown sand resulting in a high level of preservation of the masonry remains. Specialist reports include

The names of three streams on the Black Mountain commonland may indicate past land-use and settlement of a seasonal character. They were recorded in the nineteenth century by the Ordnance Survey. Their potential significance is discussed in the context of early building remains located on their banks. Includes

On a small hoard of forty-eight debased `radiates' found in a roadside area disturbed by trench digging, west of the village of Salem in north Ceredigion. Although many could not be identified due to corrosion, the hoard is described as characteristic of the Carausian era and probably concealed between AD 286 and 296.