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GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY

Version management

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__Archaeological archive__: see definitions in Sections 3.1 and 4.1. In many European countries where the Guide has not been adopted, this term is used only to mean the records created during a project and excludes the material objects (finds.
__Archaeological archive__: see definitions [here|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/arches/Wiki.jsp?page=STANDARD%20for%20archaeological%20archiving#section-STANDARD+for+archaeological+archiving-1.DEFINITIONS] and [here|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/arches/Wiki.jsp?page=THE%20ROLE%20OF%20ARCHIVING%20within%20an%20Archaeological%20Project]. In many European countries where the Guide has not been adopted, this term is used only to mean the records created during a project and excludes the material objects (finds.
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__Archaeological project__: see definition in Sections 2.1 and 4.1.
__Archaeological project__: see definition [here|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/arches/Wiki.jsp?page=THE%20ARCHAEOLOGICAL%20PROJECT] and [here|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/arches/Wiki.jsp?page=STANDARD%20for%20archaeological%20archiving#section-STANDARD+for+archaeological+archiving-1.DEFINITIONS].
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__Curation__: the work of a [curator].
__Curation__: the work of a curator.
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__Curator__: the person who cares for and manages access to a [collection].
__Curator__: the person who cares for and manages access to a collection.
__Digital Data__: files or records comprised of code that is read by a computer; digital data can be born digital or digitised.
__Digital data migration__: preservation of digital data through the method of transferring it into current software formats and hardware configurations in order to prevent it from becoming obsolete and unreadable.
__Digital transfer media__: portable digital data carriers, such as external hard drives, data sticks or CD rom.
__Digitised__: data that has been entered or scanned into a computer from an analogue original, such as a hand-written context record or drawing.
__Ecofact__: an object or find of natural material that represents evidence for human activity; examples include animal bones, seeds, charcoal. Some countries understand an ecofact also to be a natural object or an artefact possessing ecofactual properties that originate through unintentional human action, quite often without human awareness (Neustupný 1998, 136).
__Environmental remains__: used here to mean materials collected as evidence for the state of the natural environment at any given period, such as pollen and molluscs, also some ecofacts.
__Finds__: artefacts, ecofacts, environmental remains and waste products recovered archaeologically.
__Long term storage__: the principle of curating collections in repositories for as long as possible.
__Material__: meaning here substance and materiality, as applied to material objects and some records.
__Material (finds) archive__: the material objects collected during an archaeological project and selected for long term storage.
__Material object__: an artefact, ecofact, environmental remain, waste product or sample that could be preserved in the archaeological archive.
__Metadata__: data about data; mainly used to summarise the content and character of digital files and datasets, with the aim of informing potential users.
__Microfilm__: see Microform.
__Microform__: film, paper or other medium containing micro-reproductions; microfiche or microfilm are the common forms used for the long-term preservation of written records.
__Project design__: a document that describes the plan for undertaking a project; usually including the research aims, methodology, specific tasks and stages, the timetable for undertaking each task and the resources required, such as staff and finances.
__Recognised repository__: a repository that meets the standards required by national, regional or local schemes for maintaining required levels of curation, care and access.
__Recording systems__: a systematic method for creating records; examples include the use of different pro-forma for describing contexts or finds.
__Records__: used here to denote the written, digital and graphic documentation created during the description, analysis, ordering and reporting of archaeological sites, contexts, assemblages, finds or samples.
__Repository__: the store and point of access for a collection.
__Sample__: a fragment or part of a larger whole (usually a context or a find) collected for more detailed analysis. Some samples do not survive analysis, such as soil collected for sieving or flotation, or organic material retained for C-14 dating; others, such as pieces of ceramic made into petrographic microscope slides are objects that can be included in the archaeological project archive.
__Security copy__: a duplicate version of any element of the documentary archive retained to preserve the information it contains should the original become lost, destroyed or unusable.
__Selection__: the procedure for selecting archive components for inclusion in an archaeological archive intended for long term storage.
__Sensitive objects / finds__: material objects that require specific treatment, packing and storage conditions; examples include iron objects, which should be stored in a dry environment, or textile, which requires a higher humidity.
__Transfer of title__: the procedure by which ownership of the archaeological archive is transferred from one owner to the other; here meaning to transfer ownership to the repository.
__Trusted digital repository__: a repository that is certified as meeting international standards of digital preservation and access; one whose mission is to provide reliable, long-term access to managed digital resources to its designated community, now and in the future.
__Version control__: the method of identifying successive versions of a document or digital file to show which one pre-dates another.
__Waste products__: material objects or finds created as by-products of human activity, usually in the manufacture of artefacts; examples include debitage, metal slag, hammerscale and bone or leather off-cuts.
__X-Radiography__: the production of an image as a result of x-rays being passed through an object; commonly used in archaeology to identify, characterise, record and assess corroded metal objects. Similar methods include computer tomography (CT scanning).
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