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Introduction

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At line 13 changed one line
This document, hereafter referred to as the Guide, sets out recommended standards for the creation, compilation, transfer and curation of archaeological archives. It summarises existing standards and accepted best practice for all parts of the archaeological archive, including written documents, drawings, photographs, digital material, and objects. Relevant current standards are listed in the bibliography.
This document, hereafter referred to as the __Guide__, sets out recommended standards for the creation, compilation, transfer and curation of archaeological archives. It summarises existing standards and accepted best practice for all parts of the archaeological archive, including written documents, drawings, photographs, digital material, and objects. Relevant current standards are listed in the bibliography.
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#understand the definition of an archaeological archive, Section 1.1
#understand and accept the principles governing proper compilation and presentation of an archaeological archive, Section 1.2
#decide which part of the archaeological process you are engaged in, and establish the responsibilities of all personnel working on an archaeological project, or in an archive repository, Section 2, Appendices I and II
#consult the Standards section for guidance on how to create, compile, transfer and curate material in accordance with current standards, Section 3
#understand the definition of an archaeological archive, __Section 1.1__
#understand and accept the principles governing proper compilation and presentation of an archaeological archive, __Section 1.2__
#decide which part of the archaeological process you are engaged in, and establish the responsibilities of all personnel working on an archaeological project, or in an archive repository, __Section 2, Appendices I and II__
#consult the Standards section for guidance on how to create, compile, transfer and curate material in accordance with current standards, __Section 3__
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It is understood that, in circumstances beyond reasonable control, some standards are difficult to achieve, and where this is the case in this document ‘should’ is used instead of ‘must’ when describing what is desirable. At all times, however, archaeologists must acknowledge their responsibilities towards ensuring the longevity and accessibility of their archive, and this Guide describes what is required to achieve that.
__It is understood that, in circumstances beyond reasonable control, some standards are difficult to achieve, and where this is the case in this document ‘should’ is used instead of ‘must’ when describing what is desirable.__ At all times, however, archaeologists must acknowledge their responsibilities towards ensuring the longevity and accessibility of their archive, and this Guide describes what is required to achieve that.
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Section 4 sets out how to deal with transfer of title and copyright. This is a complex issue, and requirements often change. The principle of allowing the results of archaeological research to be accessed by as wide an audience as possible should, however, remain constant.
__Section 4__ sets out how to deal with transfer of title and copyright. This is a complex issue, and requirements often change. The principle of allowing the results of archaeological research to be accessed by as wide an audience as possible should, however, remain constant.
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1.2.1 Archaeological archive: All parts of the archaeological record, including the finds and digital records as well as the written, drawn and photographic documentation (after Perrin 2002, 3).
1.2.1 __Archaeological archive__: All parts of the archaeological record, including the finds and digital records as well as the written, drawn and photographic documentation (after Perrin 2002, 3).
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1.2.2 Archaeological project: Any programme of work that involves the collection of information about an archaeological site, assemblage or object. Examples are aerial survey, building recording, conservation, desk-based assessment, evaluation, excavation, surface recovery, finds analysis, finds collection, on-site survey, resource management projects, remote sensing, scientific analysis and watching brief.
1.2.2 __Archaeological project__: Any programme of work that involves the collection of information about an archaeological site, assemblage or object. Examples are aerial survey, building recording, conservation, desk-based assessment, evaluation, excavation, surface recovery, finds analysis, finds collection, on-site survey, resource management projects, remote sensing, scientific analysis and watching brief.
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1.3.1 All archaeological projects must result in a stable, ordered, accessible archive. All archaeological practitioners must acknowledge and accept their responsibilities in this regard. All documents that set out requirements or standards for archaeological work should reflect this principle.
1.3.1 __All archaeological projects must result in a stable, ordered, accessible archive.__ All archaeological practitioners must acknowledge and accept their responsibilities in this regard. All documents that set out requirements or standards for archaeological work should reflect this principle.
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1.3.2 All aspects of the archaeological process affect the quality of the resulting archive. The archive process begins with planning the creation of the first record, and, if proper systems of recording are not consistently applied, then the archive will not be ordered or accessible; for example, if there is no recognised terminology for features or deposits, then it will not be possible to separate records of post-holes from pits or, if some features are photographed with no identifying labels, then those records will have little value.
1.3.2 __All aspects of the archaeological process affect the quality of the resulting archive.__ The archive process begins with planning the creation of the first record, and, if proper systems of recording are not consistently applied, then the archive will not be ordered or accessible; for example, if there is no recognised terminology for features or deposits, then it will not be possible to separate records of post-holes from pits or, if some features are photographed with no identifying labels, then those records will have little value.
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1.3.3 Standards for the creation, management and preparation of the archive must be understood and agreed at the beginning of any project. Archiving is not something that takes place only at the end of a project. Lines of communication are vital in any project, and especially in the archiving process. The standards that are to be followed must be understood from the beginning, and regular communication between all participants in the process, as well as with the intended archive repository, will ensure that the archive meets all requirements. It must be understood that an archive repository can return a project archive if it fails to meet agreed standards.
1.3.3 __Standards for the creation, management and preparation of the archive must be understood and agreed at the beginning of any project.__ Archiving is not something that takes place only at the end of a project. Lines of communication are vital in any project, and especially in the archiving process. The standards that are to be followed must be understood from the beginning, and regular communication between all participants in the process, as well as with the intended archive repository, will ensure that the archive meets all requirements. It must be understood that an archive repository can return a project archive if it fails to meet agreed standards.
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1.3.4 Ensuring the security and stability of the archive is a continuous process and a universal responsibility. All archaeologists must recognise that they must manage archive material, eg record sheets, drawings, digital records, to preserve the content and protect from damage and loss. This is as relevant on site as it is in the laboratory or museum.
1.3.4 __Ensuring the security and stability of the archive is a continuous process and a universal responsibility.__ All archaeologists must recognise that they must manage archive material, eg record sheets, drawings, digital records, to preserve the content and protect from damage and loss. This is as relevant on site as it is in the laboratory or museum.
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1.3.5 A project has not been completed until the archive has been transferred successfully and is fully accessible for consultation. It is in the interests of all parties to facilitate the transfer of completed archives to recognised repositories as quickly as possible. It may therefore be appropriate for an archive to be deposited before the project has been fully published. In such instances a copy of the publication must subsequently be added.
1.3.5 __A project has not been completed until the archive has been transferred successfully and is fully accessible for consultation.__ It is in the interests of all parties to facilitate the transfer of completed archives to recognised repositories as quickly as possible. It may therefore be appropriate for an archive to be deposited before the project has been fully published. In such instances a copy of the publication must subsequently be added.
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*the documentary archive comprises all records made during an archaeological project, including those in hard copy and digital form. This includes written records, drawings and photographs (including negatives, prints, transparencies and x-radiographs), reports, publication drafts, published work, and publication drawings and photographs. Digital material comprises all born-digital material, including text, data, drawings, 3D models, photographs and video, as well as files generated from digitised material, such as data entered from paper pro-forma and scanned images or text
*the material archive comprises all objects (artefacts, building materials or environmental remains) and associated samples (of contextual materials or objects)
*__the documentary archive__ comprises all records made during an archaeological project, including those in hard copy and digital form. This includes written records, drawings and photographs (including negatives, prints, transparencies and x-radiographs), reports, publication drafts, published work, and publication drawings and photographs. Digital material comprises all born-digital material, including text, data, drawings, 3D models, photographs and video, as well as files generated from digitised material, such as data entered from paper pro-forma and scanned images or text
*__the material archive__ comprises all objects (artefacts, building materials or environmental remains) and associated samples (of contextual materials or objects)
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