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|[A|Glossary#A]|[B|Glossary#B]|[C|Glossary#C]|[D|Glossary#D]|[E|Glossary#E]|[F|Glossary#F]|[G|Glossary#G]|[H|Glossary#H]|[I|Glossary#I]|[L|Glossary#L]|[M|Glossary#M]|[N|Glossary#N]|[O|Glossary#O]|[P|Glossary#P]|[R|Glossary#R]|[S|Glossary#S]|[T|Glossary#T]|[U|Glossary#U]|[V|Glossary#V]|[W|Glossary#W]|[X|Glossary#X]|[Y|Glossary#Y]|[Z|Glossary#Z]
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Association of County Archaeological Officers
Association of County Archaeological Officers (now [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO]).
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Association of District Archaeological Officers
Association of District Archaeological Officers (now [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO]).
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Refers to the adoption by a local authority of a [HER|Glossary#HER] as the information resource on which planning decisions concerning the archaeological environment will be based
Refers to the adoption by a local authority of a [HER|Glossary#HER] as the information resource on which planning decisions concerning the archaeological environment will be based. Required by the General Development Order 1995 and the Hedgerow Regulations 1997.
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Archaeology Data Service: provides services for the [AHDS|Glossary#AHDS] relating to digital resources that are created as a product of archaeological research, in collaboration with national and local agencies.
Archaeology Data Service: A [trusted digital repository|Glossary#TDR] for data created as a product of research within the discipline broadly defined as Archaeology and the Historic Environment.
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Arts and Humanities Data Service: funded by the academic community to collect, catalogue and preserve digital data and distribute these for use in teaching and research.
Arts and Humanities Data Service: funded by the academic community to collect, catalogue and preserve digital data and distribute these for use in teaching and research. Service is no longer operational.
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!AIfA
Associate member of the [Institute for Archaeologists|Glossary#IfA].
!AHRC
Arts and Humanities Research Council: A non-departmental public body which provides funding for arts and humanities research. Sponsored by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, along with the other UK Research Councils.
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!ACIfA
Associate member of the [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists|Glossary#CIfA].
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Archaeological Investigations Project: an [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] funded project which monitors archaeological fieldwork generated through planning advice as a result of [PPG 16|Glossary#PPG 16].
Archaeological Investigations Project: an [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] funded project which monitored archaeological fieldwork generated through planning advice as a result of [PPG 16|Glossary#PPG 16].
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!ALGAO UK
Association of Local Government Archaeological Officers (UK)
!ALGAO
Association of Local Government Archaeological Officers. Formed of ALGAO UK and constituent national organisations: ALGAO Cymru, ALGAO England, ALGAO Scotland [http://www.algao.org.uk].
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A [Scheduled Monument|Glossary#SM] reporting form.
A [Scheduled Monument|Glossary#SM] condition reporting form.
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!Archaeology Scotland
Formerly the [Council for Scottish Archaeology|Glossary#CSA], Archaeology Scotland is a national charity, helping people from all walks of life to get more involved with archaeology through learning, promotion and support for Scotland's unique historic environment. Archaeology Scotland coordinates Scottish Archaeology Month each September and publishes Discovery and Excavation Scotland, an annual summary of fieldwork undertaken across the country each year. See their [website|http://www.archaeologyscotland.org.uk/|target='_blank'] for more details.
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‘The documents created or received and accumulated by a person or organisation in the course of the conduct of affairs and preserved because of their long-term value’ (International Council on Archives).
‘The documents created or received and accumulated by a person or organisation in the course of the conduct of affairs and preserved because of their long-term value’ (International Council on Archives). An Archaeological Archive comprises all the records and finds from fieldwork.
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!Archwilio
The website that gives on-line access to the Historic Environment Records of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts.
![Archwilio|http://www.archwilio.org.uk|target='_blank']
The website and mobile phone app that give on-line access to the Historic Environment Records of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts. The system has been developed through a partnership of the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts, which in a expanded form now operates under the name [HEROS|Glossary#HEROS]. The word Archwilio is Welsh and translates as to explore, examine or audit.
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange text or delimited text for structured data.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The original standard encoding for digital data. More recently Unicode has allowed the use of other (than American English) languages' character sets.
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Archaeological Standard Protocol for the Integrated Reporting of Events (Scotland)
Archaeological Standard Protocol for the Integrated Reporting of Events (Scotland). ASPIRE is a protocol specifying the data structure, data type and required fields for reporting archaeological information to the [SMRs|Glossary#SMR] and [RCAHMS|Glossary#RCAHMS]. See the [website|http://aspire-resource.info/|target='_blank'] for more details.
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!Better Woodlands for Wales
Better Woodlands for Wales was an improvement and new planting grant scheme for private woodlands, operated in Wales from 2006 to 2010 by the Forestry Commission (Wales). It was replaced by the [Glastir|Glossary#Glastir] agri-environment scheme in 2011.
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!BIM
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of places. BIM software is used to design, construct, operate and maintain diverse physical infrastructures, from services (water, wastewater, electricity, gas, refuse and communication utilities) to roads, bridges and ports, from houses, apartments, schools and shops to offices, factories, warehouses and prisons. More information can be found on [National BIM Standard website|http://www.nationalbimstandard.org/faq.php#faq1|target='_blank'].
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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Computer Aided Design: software programme for the design, drafting and presentation of graphics. Originally designed for manufacturing drawing, now also widely used for mapping.
Computer Aided Design: software programme for the design, drafting and presentation of graphics. Originally designed for manufacturing drawing, now also used for mapping.
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Cadw (Welsh for ‘to keep’) is the historic environment division within the Welsh Assembly Government with responsibility for protecting, conserving and promoting an appreciation of the historic environment of Wales.
[Cadw|http://cadw.gov.wales/?lang=en/|target='_blank'] (Welsh for ‘to keep’) is the historic environment division within the Welsh Assembly Government with responsibility for protecting, conserving and promoting an appreciation of the historic environment of Wales.
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Canmore is the name given to the [RCAHMS|Glossary#RCAHMS] database. It contains details of c.250,000 archaeological sites, monuments, buildings and maritime sites in Scotland, together with an index to the drawings, manuscripts and photographs in the [NMRS|Glossary#NMRS] collections. Images of some of the photographs or drawings in the collection are also available in Canmore. Searches can be made on name, location, site type or collection, or by using the Canmore mapping service, [CANMAP|Glossary#CANMAP].
[Canmore|https://canmore.org.uk/|target='_blank'] is the window into the Historic Environment Scotland database. It brings together the results of the survey and collections material into one place and combines location information, site details and images on more than 300,000 archaeological, architectural, maritime and industrial sites throughout Scotland. Through MyCanmore users can add their own information and images to the national collection.
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Core Archaeological Record Index. CARN is being developed as the public entry point to the Extended National Database for Wales, a national information resource for archaeology and architecture compiled by archaeological organisations across Wales.
Core Archaeological Record Index. The CARN database was developed as a public entry point to the Extended National Database for Wales, a national information resource for archaeology and architecture compiled by archaeological organisations across Wales. It has been superseded by the [Historic Wales website|Glossary#Historic Wales website].
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Council for British Archaeology.
[Council for British Archaeology|http://new.archaeologyuk.org/|target='_blank'].
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!CCW
The Countryside Council for Wales was the statutory body which achieved, enabled and promoted nature conservation in Wales. It was responsible, with Cadw, for the compilation and maintenance of the Part 2 Register of Historic Landscapes in Wales and for administering the early years of the Tir Gofal agri-environment scheme. It has now been incorporated into Natural Resources Wales ([NRW|Glossary#NRW]).
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!CIfA
[Chartered Institute for Archaeologists|http://www.archaeologists.net/|target='blank']: is the professional organisation for archaeologists in the United Kingdom. It promotes professional standards and ethics for conserving, managing, understanding and promoting enjoyment of heritage. It was know as the IfA before being granted a Royal Charter in 2014.
!CILIP
[Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals|http://www.cilip.org.uk/|target='blank']
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Coflein is the online databse for the National Monuments Record of Wales ([NMRW|Glossary#NMRW]) – the national collection of information about the historic environment of Wales. The name is derived from the Welsh cof (memory) and lein (line)
[Coflein|http://www.coflein.gov.uk/|target='blank'] is the online databse for the National Monuments Record of Wales ([NMRW|Glossary#NMRW]) – the national collection of information about the historic environment of Wales. The name is derived from the Welsh cof (memory) and lein (line)
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!Countryside Stewardship
The new environmental land management scheme replacing Environmental Stewardship, the English Woodland Grant Scheme and capital grants from the Catchment Sensitive Farming programme in 2015. Countryside Stewardship provides targeted funding to farmers and other land managers who deliver effective environmental management on their land.
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or
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Council for Scottish Archaeology. The CSA is a voluntary membership organisation that works to secure the archaeological heritage of Scotland for its people through education, promotion and support.
Council for Scottish Archaeology - former name for [Archaeology Scotland|Glossary#Archaeology Scotland].
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Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photographs maintained by the Landscape Modelling Unit (formerly Cambridge University Committee on Aerial Photography): a body which has been involved in undertaking aerial-photographic surveys for archaeological and environmental research and management and which holds an important collection of air photographs.
[Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photographs|http://www.geog.cam.ac.uk/cucap/|target='blank'] maintained by the Landscape Modelling Unit (formerly Cambridge University Committee on Aerial Photography): a body which has been involved in undertaking aerial-photographic surveys for archaeological and environmental research and management and which holds an important collection of air photographs.
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Museums Archives and Libraries Wales.
Museums Archives and Libraries Wales - the former name for [MALD (Museums, Archives and Libraries Division of the Welsh Government|Glossary#MALD (Museums, Archives and Libraries Division)].
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!Database Right
!Database Rights
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Department for Culture, Media and Sport
Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
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!DOI
Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) are persistent identifiers used to consistently identify an object such as an electronic document. DOIs have associated metadata which may describe a location, such as a [URL|Glossary#URL], where the object can be found or the creator or publisher of the resource. Even though the metadata about the object may change, the DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document.
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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(The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission): the statutory body which achieves, enables and promotes conservation of the historic environment in England.
An independent charity looking after the National Heritage Collection on behalf of The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England. Prior to April 2015 English Heritage was a non departmental government body and included statutory responsibilities, this part of English Heritage became a new organisation [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England].
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Includes Entry-level Scheme ([ELS|Glossary#ELS]) and Higher Level Scheme ([HLS|Glossary#HLS]) in England, Tir Cynnal and Tir Gofal (in Wales) and Rural Stewardship Scheme in Scotland. Environmental Stewardship schemes are agri-environment schemes which provide funding to farmers and other land managers who deliver effective environmental management on their land.
Includes Mid-Tier (formerly known as Entry-level ([ELS|Glossary#ELS])) and Higher-Tier (formerly known as Higher Level ([HLS|Glossary#HLS])) in England, Tir Cynnal and Tir Gofal (in Wales) and Rural Stewardship Scheme in Scotland. Environmental Stewardship schemes are agri-environment schemes which provide funding to farmers and other land managers who deliver effective environmental management on their land.
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English Heritage's record of archaeological interventions in England maintained.
[Historic England's|Glossary#Historic England] record of archaeological interventions in England.
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!Extended National Database
The Extended National Database for Wales was a physical set of data contributed by a partnership of national and regional record keepers, and which was primarily used for management purposes by those contributing bodies. It has now largely been replaced by internet data sharing technologies with the partnership of contributors now being incorporated into the Records Co-ordination Group of Cadw's Strategic Planning Board.
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[English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] programme leading to reports on historic towns within an area and the enhancement of the [HER|Glossary#HER].
The Extensive Urban Surveys (EUS) project is part of a national programme of surveys of the archaeology, topography and historic buildings of England’s historic towns and cities, supported by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England]. The programme was launched in 1992 and is usually undertaken at a Local Authority level. The outputs include reports on historic towns within an area and the enhancement of the [HER|Glossary#HER].
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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Federation of Archaeological Managers and Employers
Federation of Archaeological Managers and Employers. An organisation of archaeological employers and managers that represents their interests within the profession and the business world [http://www.famearchaeology.co.uk].
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A protective security screen to control access to locally held resources from unauthorised outside users.
In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted, secure internal network and another outside network.
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Forum on Information Standards in Heritage (formerly FISHEN): a working party established to decide on terminology and develop [wordlists|Glossary#Wordlist] and [thesauri|Glossary#Thesaurus] to be used in association with the [MIDAS|Glossary#MIDAS] units of information.
[Forum on Information Standards in Heritage|http://fishforum.weebly.com] (formerly FISHEN): a working party established to decide on terminology and develop [wordlists|Glossary#Wordlist] and [thesauri|Glossary#Thesaurus] to be used in association with the [MIDAS|Glossary#MIDAS] units of information.
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!FISH Interoperability Toolkit
The FISH Interoperability Toolkit is a suite of tools which can assist with the process of moving large amounts of data between a wide range of information systems used to record the historic environment. Produced on behalf of FISH with funding from [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] (now called [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England]), the toolkit was first developed by Oxford ArchDigital in 2004 and redeveloped in 2012 by the [Archaeology Data Service (ADS)|Glossary#ADS]. The [FISH Toolkit|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/fishtoolkit/|target='_blank'] is hosted by the [ADS|Glossary#ADS].
!FISH Terminology Working Group
The Forum for Information Standards in Heritage Terminology Working Group [(FISH TWG)|http://fishforum.weebly.com/fish-terminology-working-groups.html] is a sub-group of [FISH|Glossary#FISH], which helps support thesauri development within the heritage sector.
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Finds Liaison Officer of the portable Antiquities Scheme.
Finds Liaison Officer of the [Portable Antiquities Scheme|https://finds.org.uk].
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Freedom of Information Act, 2000.
[The Freedom of Information Act 2000|http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/36] provides public access to information held by public authorities. It does this in two ways; firstly, public authorities are obliged to publish certain information about their activities; and secondly, members of the public are entitled to request information from public authorities.
The Act covers any recorded information that is held by a public authority in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and by UK-wide public authorities based in Scotland. Information held by Scottish public authorities is covered by Scotland’s own Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002.
Recorded information includes printed documents, computer files, letters, emails, photographs, and sound or video recordings.
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!FMW
Field Monument Warden
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A query made where there is no control of the terminology that is searched upon: for example a search on 'house' would find any instance where the word is used regardless of its context.
A query made where there is no control of the terminology that is searched upon: for example a search on 'house' would find any instance where the word is used regardless of its context such as ‘terraced house’ or ‘house of correction’.
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1990 EC directive (90/313/EEC) concerning public access to information on the environment, implemented in Great Britain through the 1992 Environmental Information Regulations (SI 1447) by the [DETR|Glossary#DETR]. Under these regulations environmental information relates to the state of any' water or air, flora or fauna, soil, natural or other land. The 'state' includes physical, chemical and biological conditions in the past, present and future. The 'land' includes all land surfaces, buildings, land covered by water and underground strata.
[The Environmental Information Regulations 2004|http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/3391/made]. The Regulations are derived from European law (EC Directive 2003/4/CE) on public access to environmental information in the UK. The principle behind the law is that giving the public access to environmental information will encourage greater awareness of issues that affect the environment. Greater awareness helps increase public participation in decision-making; it makes public bodies more accountable and transparent and it builds public confidence and trust in them.
Replaced the repealed 1990 EC directive (90/313/EEC) concerning public access to information on the environment, implemented in Great Britain through the 1992 Environmental Information Regulations (SI 1447) by the [DETR|Glossary#DETR]. Under these regulations environmental information relates to the state of any' water or air, flora or fauna, soil, natural or other land. The 'state' includes physical, chemical and biological conditions in the past, present and future. The 'land' includes all land surfaces, buildings, land covered by water and underground strata.
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Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group.
[Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group Association|http://www.fwag.org.uk]. The Association represents local Farming & Wildlife Advisory Groups (FWAGs) across the UK. These groups help British farmers by providing independent environmental advice to help to understand the environmental value of their land and make the most of the agri-environment options available.
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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In a [GIS|Glossary#GIS] system, a gazetteer is a list of spatial entities, such as properties, or streets, held with their co-ordinates. Gazetteers are used in [GIS|Glossary#GIS] for rapidly displaying a particular area on screen and also for searches. The gazetteer often forms the core of larger [GIS|Glossary#GIS]-based applications, such as the prototype National Land Information Service.
In a [GIS|Glossary#GIS] system, a gazetteer is a list of spatial entities, such as properties, or streets, held with their co-ordinates. Gazetteers are used in [GIS|Glossary#GIS] for rapidly displaying a particular area on screen and also for searches. The gazetteer often forms the core of larger [GIS|Glossary#GIS]-based applications, such as the [National Land Information Service|http://www.nlis.org.uk].
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Group for Education in Museums.
The [Group for Education in Museums|http://www.gem.org.uk/index.php] champions excellence in heritage learning to improve the education, health and well-being of the general public.
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!Geocoding
Geocoding is the process of converting addresses into geographic coordinates which can be used to place markers on a map, or position the map.
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Geo-spatial metadata interoperability initiative.
GEo-spatial Metadata INteroperability Initiative or ‘UK GEMINI’ is a specification for a set of metadata elements for describing geospatial data resources for discovery purposes. It has been produced and is maintained by an [AGI|http://www.agi.org.uk/agi-group/standards-committee/uk-gemini] Standards Committee. It is a free of charge resource provided by the AGI for the benefit of the GI community.
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Metadata Standard to replace [NGDF|Glossary#NGDF].
A metadata Standard that replaced [NGDF|Glossary#NGDF]. Gigateway was closed down on 31 March 2011 having reached the end of its useful life. It was replaced by a new metadata service as part of [UK Location|http://location.defra.gov.uk/resources/discovery-metadata-service/]. Guidance on the use and operation of the new service can be found on the website. These developments are part of the UK’s implementation of the [INSPIRE|Glossary#INSPIRE] directive and UK Location Strategy.
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Also
A free web service aimed at increasing awareness of and access to geospatial information in the UK.
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Geographic Information System.
A Geographic Information System is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on the Earth's surface. GIS can show many different kinds of data on one map. This enables people to more easily see, analyse, and understand patterns and relationships.
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!Glastir
[Glastir|http://gov.wales/topics/environmentcountryside/farmingandcountryside/farming/schemes/glastir/?lang=en|target='_blank'] is the all-Wales agri-environment scheme which replaced Tir Gofal in 2012. The scheme operates an Entry and Advanced levels and is run by the Welsh Government and now incorporates Woodland Creation, Woodland Management and Woodland Restoration elements formerly offered by the Forestry Commission's [Better Woodland for Wales Scheme|Glossary#Better Woodlands for Wales].
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Geography Markup Language
Geography Markup Language is the [XML|Glossary#XML] grammar defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium to express geographical features. GML serves as a modelling language for geographic systems as well as an open interchange format for geographic transactions on the Internet. Key to GML's utility is its ability to integrate all forms of geographic information, including not only conventional "vector" or discrete objects, but coverages and sensor data.
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Graphical User Interface: a method of interaction with a computer which uses pictorial buttons (icons) and command lists controlled by a mouse.
Graphical User Interface is a type of interface that allows computer users to interact with electronic devices through graphical or pictoral icons and visual indicators such as buttons or secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!HAA
Historic Area Assessment: a method of studying historic landscapes of widely different types for a variety of purposes, including education and academic study, but most often to inform the management of change.
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Heritage at Risk
Heritage at Risk: a collective term applied to 'designated' [heritage assets|Glossary#Heritage Asset] that are at risk as a result of neglect, decay or inappropriate development, or are vulnerable to becoming so.
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A software package for [HERs|Glossary#HER] that implements the [MIDAS|Glossary#MIDAS] data standard which was jointly developed by the [RCHME|Glossary#RCHME] (now [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage]) and [exeGesIS SDM Ltd|Glossary#exeGesIS SDM Ltd] in partnership with [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO UK]. An earlier version was called SMR.
A software package for [HERs|Glossary#HER] that implements the [MIDAS|Glossary#MIDAS] data standard which was jointly developed by the [RCHME|Glossary#RCHME] (now [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England]) and [exeGesIS SDM Ltd|Glossary#exeGesIS SDM Ltd] in partnership with [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO UK]. An earlier version was called SMR.
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!HECA
Historic Environment Countryside Advisor.
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!HEFER
Historic Environment Farm Environment Record.
Information on the historic environment features of interest within a defined area (typically a farm) submitted as part of a [Countryside Stewardship|Glossary#Countryside Stewardship] application. The HEFER derives from the [SHINE|Glossary#SHINE] dataset and may include management advice.
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Historic Environment Record: a name used for records which provide an information-management tool for both archaeology and historic buildings.
Historic Environment Record: information services that provide access to comprehensive and dynamic resources relating to the archaeology and historic built environment of a defined geographic area.
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Historic Environment Records Forum, co-ordinated by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] and [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO UK] (and formerly named SMR Forum), is a discussion forum for [HER|Glossary#HER] professionals. Discussions are held through an e-mail discussion list and twice-yearly meetings. Its Newsletter [HER|Glossary#HER] News is now part of the [Heritage Gateway|Glossary#HeritageGateway].
Historic Environment Records Forum, co-ordinated by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] and [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO UK] (and formerly named SMR Forum), is a discussion forum for [HER|Glossary#HER] professionals. Discussions are held through an e-mail discussion list and twice-yearly meetings. Its Newsletter [HER|Glossary#HER] News is now part of the [Heritage Gateway|Glossary#HeritageGateway].
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Former newsletter of the [HER Forum|Glossary#HER Forum], published twice a year by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] now part of the [Heritage Gateway|Glossary#HeritageGateway].
Former newsletter of the [HER Forum|Glossary#HER Forum], which was published twice a year by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage]. It now part of the [Heritage Gateway|Glossary#HeritageGateway].
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!Heritage Asset
A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest.
!HeritageData.org
National cultural heritage thesauri and vocabularies have acted as standards for use by both national organisations and local authority [Historic Environment Records|Glossary#HER] but until now have lacked the persistent Linked Open Data (LOD) URIs that would allow them to act as vocabulary hubs for the Web of Data. Through the [SENESCHAL|Glossary#SENESCHAL] project key vocabularies from the England, Scotland and Wales have been published as linked open Data with persistent URIs. For more information visit the [Heritage Data Linked Data Vocabularies for Cultural Heritage website|http://www.heritagedata.org/blog/|target='_blank'].
!Heritage 2020
Heritage 2020: strategic priorities for England’s historic environment 2015-2020 is a sector wide framework which sets out how heritage organisations across England can work together add value to the work of individual bodies following on from the [NHPP|Glossary#NHPP].
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[English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] co-ordinates a partnership project with [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO UK] and the [IHBC|Glossary#IHBC] to maintain a portal to local and national historic environment resources including the [National Heritage List for England (NHLE)|Glossary#NHLE], the [National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE)|Glossary#NHRE] and local authority [Historic Environment Records (HERs)|Glossary#HER] by facilitating distributed searches to provide a rich and diverse experience to users wishing to explore England’s archaeological and architectural heritage.
[Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] co-ordinates a partnership project with [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO UK] and the [IHBC|Glossary#IHBC] to maintain a portal to local and national historic environment resources including the [National Heritage List for England (NHLE)|Glossary#NHLE], the [National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE)|Glossary#NRHE] and local authority [Historic Environment Records (HERs)|Glossary#HER] by facilitating distributed searches to provide a rich and diverse experience to users wishing to explore England’s archaeological and architectural heritage.
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!HEROS
[Heros (Historic Environment Record Open System)|http://heros.software/|target='_blank'] is the name for the partnership of archaeological curators, originally formed by the [Welsh Archaeological Trusts|Glossary#WAT], that produce the open source Wales Historic Environment Record and Archwilio data management software systems.
!HES
Historic Environment Scotland ([HES|https://www.historicenvironment.scot/]) was created in 2015 by bringing together [Historic Scotland|Glossary#Historic Scotland] and the [Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|Glossary#RCAHMS]. HES is the lead public body set up to investigate, care for and promote Scotland’s historic environment.
!HIAS
The [Heritage Information Access Strategy (HIAS)|https://historicengland.org.uk/research/support-and-collaboration/heritage-information-access-strategy/] is an initiative and programme of work intended to secure an improved and more cost effective approach to the handling of digital historic environment data by Historic England and our partners in local authority historic environment records. The vision for the strategy is to create a single, logical, digital and shared national heritage record.
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!Historic England
A non departmental government body which has statutory responsibilities involving designation, planning, grants etc as well as investigation, survey and supporting [HERs|Glossary#HER] in England.
!Historic Environment Scotland
See [HES|Glossary#HES]
!Historic Environment Strategy for Scotland
[Our Place in Time – The Historic Environment Strategy for Scotland (2014)|http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2014/03/8522|target='_blank'] is a high level framework which sets out a 10 year vision for the historic environment and is owned, not by Government, but by the people of Scotland. It identifies a set of strategic priorities which will help to align and prioritise sector activity towards a common goal. It is therefore owned, not by Government, but by the people of Scotland. The key outcome of the Strategy is to ensure that the cultural, social, environmental and economic value of Scotland’s heritage makes a strong contribution to the wellbeing of the nation and its people.
!Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016
The [Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016|http://www.legislation.gov.uk/anaw/2016/4/contents/enacted|target='_blank'] augments the ''Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979'' and the ''Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990'' and gives Welsh Ministers certain additional powers in relation to Scheduled Monuments and Listed Buildings. It also places a statutory duty on Welsh Ministers to maintain Welsh HERs.
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Historic Scotland is an Agency within the Scottish Executive Education Department and is directly responsible to Scottish Ministers for safeguarding the nation’s built heritage, and promoting its understanding and enjoyment.
Historic Scotland was an Agency within the Scottish Government which until 2015 was directly responsible to Scottish Ministers for safeguarding the nation’s built heritage, and promoting its understanding and enjoyment. In 2015 HS merged with RCAHMS to form HES, see also [HES|Glossary#HES].
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!Historic Wales website
The [Historic Wales website|http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/NMW/start.jsp|target='_blank'] provides access, through a map enabled portal, to combined core data from the [National Monuments Record for Wales|Glossary#NMRW], the four Regional Welsh HERs of the [WATs|Glossary#WAT], Cadw's [SAM|Glossary#SAM] and [Listed Buildings|Glossary#Listed Buildings] Records and the [National Museum Wales'|Glossary#NMW] artefact records.
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HLAMAP is a web-based presentation of [HLA|Glossary#HLA] data for Scotland that allows the user to view the data by Historic Land-use Type, Period or Category as well as by Relict Period and to print out a report of any selected area.
[HLAMAP|http://hla.rcahms.gov.uk/|target='_blank'] is a web-based presentation of [HLA|Glossary#HLA] data for Scotland that allows the user to view the data by Historic Land-use Type, Period or Category as well as by Relict Period and to print out a report of any selected area.
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Historic landscape characterisation: [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] programme to inform landscape-conservation strategies in the context of planning and agricultural policies. It is aimed at ascertaining and presenting the historic character of the present day landscape, in a form which accurately represents the complexity of the evidence.
Historic Landscape Characterisation involves applying to aspects of landscape a long-established archaeological and historical method, the classifying and interpreting of material through identifying and describing essential or distinguishing patterns, features and qualities, or attributes.
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Heritage Lottery Fund.
Heritage Lottery Fund: the body which distributes a share of the income from the National Lottery to projects aimed at preserving and making accessible the nation's heritage.
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Higher Level Agri-Environment Scheme.
Higher Level Agri-Environment Scheme
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!Howell and Redesdale Review
A report examining the current situation facing local authority archaeology and wider historic environment services in England, particularly with reference to the role they play in fulfilling the requirements of the planning system.
!HPA
Heritage Partnership Agreement: A statutory agreement which sets out an understanding of the significance of a [listed building|Glossary#Listed buildings] (or buildings) and agreed methodologies for routine works. The agreement can reduce the number of occasions when listed building consent is required.
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Heritage Protection Review.
Heritage Protection Reform.
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!lcomos
!Icomos
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!IfA
Institute for Archaeologists: is the professional organisation for archaeologists in the United Kingdom. It promotes professional standards and ethics for conserving, managing, understanding and promoting enjoyment of heritage.
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!liP
!IIP
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Images of England is an [EH|Glossary#English Heritage], [HLF|Glossary#HLF] funded project to put a photograph of every [Listed Building|Glossary#Listed buildings] on the [internet|Glossary#Internet]
Images of England was an [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage], [HLF|Glossary#HLF] funded project to put a photograph of every [Listed Building|Glossary#Listed buildings] on the [internet|Glossary#Internet]. It is still accessible via the [Heritage Gateway|Glossary#Heritage Gateway].
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[GIS|Glossary#GIS] software product.
ERDAS Imagine is a remote sensing application with raster graphics editor abilities designed for geospatial applications. It is aimed mainly at geospatial raster data processing and allows users to prepare, display and enhance digital images for mapping use in [geographic information systems|Glossary#GIS] and [computer-aided design software|Glossary#CAD].
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!INSPIRE
The [INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) Directive (2007)|http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/|target='_blank'] mandates all European Union member states to share environmentally related datasets so that they can be easily accessed by other public organisations within their own country and in surrounding European countries. Key to delivering INSPIRE is the establishment of [Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs)|Glossary#SDI]. SDIs embrace the policies, human resources and related activities needed to acquire, process distribute, use maintain and preserve spatial data.
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[English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] programme leading directly to the creation of UADS.
[Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] programme leading directly to the creation of [UADs|Glossary#UAD].
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!lnternet
!Internet
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!Linked Data
Linked Data is about using the Web to connect related data that wasn't previously linked, or using the Web to lower the barriers to linking data currently linked using other methods. Linked Data describes best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting pieces of data, information, and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF. For more information see the [Linked Data website|http://linkeddata.org/|target='_blank'].
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!MALD (Museums, Archives and Libraries Division)
[MALD (Museums, Archives and Libraries Division)|http://gov.wales/topics/cultureandsport/museums-archives-libraries/?lang=en|target='_blank'] is the division of Welsh government supporting museums, archives and libraries across Wales. Formerly known as [CyMAL|Glossary#CyMAL]
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!MEDIN
[The Marine Environment Data and Information Network (MEDIN)|http://www.oceannet.org/|target='_blank'] is a partnership of public and private sector UK organisations set up to promote good governance of marine survey data. Marine data is expensive to collect and provides a unique snapshot in time and location of the richness and condition of Scotland’s coasts and seas. MEDIN encourages the consistent application of standards to improve discovery of, access to and re-use of geographical data across the marine industry through a series of Accredited Data Archive Centres (DACs).
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!MHCLG
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government.
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Monument Inventory Data Standard, a [data standard|Glossary#Data standards] for inventories of monuments. It was agreed by representatives from organisations directly involved in the recording of England's monuments working together as the Data Standards Working Party, now [FISH|Glossary#FISH]. MIDAS is a 'content' standard.
Monument Inventory Data Standard, was the original [data standard|Glossary#Data standards] for inventories of monuments. It was agreed by representatives from organisations directly involved in the recording of England's monuments working together as the Data Standards Working Party, now [FISH|Glossary#FISH]. MIDAS is a 'content' standard. Revised and re-issued as [MIDAS Heritage|Glossary#MIDAS Heritage] in 2012.
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!MIDAS Heritage
MIDAS Heritage (previously referred to as [MIDAS|Glossary#MIDAS] is a British cultural heritage standard for recording information on buildings, archaeological sites, shipwrecks, parks and gardens, battlefields, areas of interest and artefacts. Maintained and managed by [FISH|Glossary#FISH]. The data standard suggests the minimum level of information needed for recording heritage assets and covers the procedures involved in understanding, protecting and managing these assets. It also provides guidelines on how to support effective sharing of knowledge, data retrieval and long-term preservation of data.
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!NAR
National Archaeological Record: based on the card index developed by the [OS's Archaeology Division|Glossary#OS Archaeology Division], formerly maintained by the [RCHME|Glossary#RCHME] and later incorporated into the [NRHE|Glossary#NRHE].
!National Assembly for Wales
The National Assembly for Wales (Welsh: Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru; commonly known as the Welsh Assembly) is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. The Assembly was created by the Government of Wales Act 1998, which followed a referendum in 1997. It has the power to legislate in 20 devolved areas, including the Historic Environment.
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!Narrower term
A term that represents a specific sub-set of the concepts represented by another term. A narrower term can have more than one broader term.
!NCAP
NCAP is the National Collection of Aerial Photography. It is one of the largest collections of aerial imagery in the world, containing tens of millions of aerial images featuring historic events and places around the world. It is the role of NCAP to collect and secure the future of these records, both digital and physical, to preserve them for generations to come, and to make them as accessible and available as possible. Based in Edinburgh, Scotland, our operational and development costs are funded through commercial enterprise. For more information see the [NCAP website|http://ncap.org.uk/|target='_blank'].
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!NAR
National Archaeological Record: based on the card index developed by the [OS's Archaeology Division|Glossary#OS Archaeology Division]. Passed to the respective Royal Commissions for England (later incorporated into the [NRHE|Glossary#NRHE]), Scotland and Wales in 1983.
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!National Character Area
National Character Areas, or NCAs, divide England into 159 distinct natural areas. Each is defined by a unique combination of landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity, history, and cultural and economic activity. They are produced by Natural England.
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The curriculum taught in schools to children between the ages of 5 and 16 co-ordinated nationally by the Department of Education.
The curriculum taught in schools to children between the ages of 5 and 16 co-ordinated nationally in England by the Department of Education and in Wales by Learning Wales.
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!Narrower term
A term that represents a specific sub-set of the concepts represented by another term. A narrower term can have more than one broader term.
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!Natural Resources Wales
[Natural Resources Wales (NRW)|http://naturalresources.wales/?lang=en|target='_blank'] was formed from a merger of the Countryside Council for Wales, Environment Agency Wales, and the Forestry Commission Wales, and assumes some other roles formerly taken by Welsh Government. It was formed in 2013.
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!NMGW
National Museums and Galleries of Wales.
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National Monuments Record for Scotland.
National Monuments Record for Scotland referred to the record, collections and public service of [RCAHMS|Glossary#RCAHMS]. [Canmore|Glossary#Canmore] provides online public access to the information held in RCAHMS sites and Collections.
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National Monuments Record (Wales)
National Monuments Record (Wales), is the national collection of archaeological and historical archives in Wales. It houses texts, plans, drawings, surveys, ground and aerial photographs of buildings and archaeological monuments and is curated by the Royal Commission on Ancient Historical Monuments in Wales ([RCAHMW|Glossary#RCAHMW])in Aberystwyth. Information from the NMRW is accessible digitally via [Coflein|Glossary#Coflein] and the [Historic Wales|Glossary#Historic Wales website] websites
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!NMW
[National Museum Wales|http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/|target='_blank']. Formerly known as the National Museum and Gallery of Wales, the National Museum was originally founded in 1905 in Cardiff. It now incorporates a number of sites including the national history and archaeology collections based at the St Fagans National History Museum.
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National Planning Policy Framework
[National Planning Policy Framework|https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-policy-framework--2]. The NPPF is supported by [Planning Practice Guidance|Glossary#Planning Practice Guidance].
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!One Scotland, One Geography
[One Scotland – One Geography; a geographic information strategy for Scotland (2005)|http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/08/31114408/44098|target='_blank'] sets out a proposed approach to the more systematic and effective use of geographic information in the development and delivery of policy and services to the benefit of the people of Scotland.
!Oracle Database
Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle [RDBMS|Glossary#RDBMS] or simply as Oracle) is an object-relational database management system.
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The division of the Ordnance Survey, established by O G S Crawford in the 1930s, which identified and recorded archaeological sites and monuments for inclusion on Ordnance Survey maps.
The division of the Ordnance Survey, established by O G S Crawford in the 1930s, which identified and recorded archaeological sites and monuments for inclusion on Ordnance Survey maps. The Division was disbanded in 1983 and its responsibilities and archives passed to the three UK Royal Commissions ([RCHME|Glossary#RCHME], [RCAHMS|Glossary#RCAHMS], [RCAHMW|Glossary#RCAHMW]).
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|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!!P
----
!PaG
See [Registered Parks and Gardens|Glossary#Registered Parks and Gardens] also used as short hand for the Parks and Gardens Registration System.
!!P
----
!PaG
See [Registered Parks and Gardens|Glossary#Registered Parks and Gardens] also used as short hand for the Parks and Gardens Registration System.
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!PAI
Positional Accuracy Improvement Programme ([OS|Glossary#OS])
!PAI
Positional Accuracy Improvement Programme completed by the ([OS|Glossary#OS]) in 2006.
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!PAN
Planning Advice Note (Scotland)
!PAN
Planning Advice Note (Scotland)
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!Passwords
These are codewords, normally made up of a mixture of letters and numbers, that are used to limit entry to computers, networks and other systems to authorised persons.
!Passwords
These are codewords, normally made up of a mixture of letters and numbers, that are used to limit entry to computers, networks and other systems to authorised persons.
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!Pastmap
A map enabled query system for Scottish National Archaeological and Architectural Datasets.
!Pastmap
PastMap brings together map-based information from many different sources, providing a single point of access to information about the archaeological and architectural sites and landscapes of Scotland. Hosted by [Historic Environment Scotland|Glossary#HES] in partnership with [Scottish SMR Forum|Glossary#SMR Forum] and local government archaeological curators, PastMap includes information about [World Heritage Sites|Glossary#WHS], Scheduled Monuments, Listed buildings, Gardens and Designed Landscapes, The Battlefields Register, [Conservation Areas|Glossary#Conservation Area], most [Local Authority Historic Environment Records|Glossary#HER] and [Canmore|Glossary#Canmore]. For more information visit the [Pastmap website|http://pastmap.org.uk/|target='_blank'].
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!PastScape
Online resource developed by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] which provides an easy-to-use way to find information about many of England’s ancient and historical sites, buildings and monuments. The information within PastScape is taken directly from the [National Record of the Historic Environment|Glossary#NRHE]. These records contain descriptions of any interesting archaeological details, pictures (where available) and links to maps and aerial photographs on other websites.
!PastScape
Online resource developed by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] which provides an easy-to-use way to find information about many of England’s ancient and historical sites, buildings and monuments. The information within PastScape is taken directly from the [National Record of the Historic Environment|Glossary#NRHE]. These records contain descriptions of any interesting archaeological details, pictures (where available) and links to maps and aerial photographs on other websites.
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!PC
Personal Computer: a desktop computer which incorporates a monitor, keyboard, central processing unit and memory storage space used to run applications software.
!PC
Personal Computer: a desktop computer which incorporates a monitor, keyboard, central processing unit and memory storage space used to run applications software.
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!PDP
Personal Development Plan
!PDP
Personal Development Plan
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!PIfA
Practitioner member of the [Institute for Archaeologists|Glossary#IfA].
!PCIfA
Practitioner member of the [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists|Glossary#CIfA].
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!Pilot project
A project which is designed to test the effectiveness or potential of a particular approach.
!Pilot project
A project which is designed to test the effectiveness or potential of a particular approach.
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!Pixel
A picture element of a [raster|Glossary#Raster] image as displayed on a screen or [raster|Glossary#Raster] plot.
!Pixel
A picture element of a [raster|Glossary#Raster] image as displayed on a screen or [raster|Glossary#Raster] plot.
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!PLANARCH
Planning and Archaeology in North West Europe, European funded project.
!PLANARCH
Planning and Archaeology in North West Europe, European funded project.
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!Planning advice
Professional conservation advice about the implications of proposed developments on the cultural heritage.
!Planning advice
Professional advice about the implications of proposed developments.
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!Point
A spatial entity that represents the simplest geographical element. Represented in the [vector data|Glossary#Vector Data] model as a single x, y co-ordinate and in the [raster|Glossary#Raster], as a single cell.
!Planning Policy Wales
[Planning Policy Wales|http://gov.wales/topics/planning/policy/ppw/?lang=en|target='_blank'] sets out the land use planning policies of the Welsh Government. It is supplemented by a series of Technical Advice Notes and procedural advice given in circulars and policy clarification letters. The approach to the Historic Environment is covered in Chapter 6.
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!Polygon
A representation of an enclosed region defined by a segment or a series of segments that makes up its boundary. Polygons may have attributes describing the region they represent, such as the period(s) for a historic town.
!Planning Practice Guidance
A series of guidance notes produced by government to support the implementation of the [NPPF|Glossary#NPPF]. The [Planning Practice Guidance|https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/planning-practice-guidance|target='_blank'] covers a range of topics from advertisements to waste and water supply and includes specific guidance on ['Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment'|https://www.gov.uk/guidance/conserving-and-enhancing-the-historic-environment|target='_blank'].
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!Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS)
Established by the [DCMS|Glossary#DCMS] with the British Museum to promote the recording of archaeological objects found by metal-detector users and others.
!Point
A spatial entity that represents the simplest geographical element. Represented in the [vector data|Glossary#Vector Data] model as a single x, y co-ordinate and in the [raster|Glossary#Raster], as a single cell.
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!PPG
Planning Policy Guidance Note: a series of guidance notes issued by the [DoE|Glossary#DoE] identifying issues to be taken into consideration by local planning authorities. (England)
!Polygon
A representation of an enclosed region defined by a segment or a series of segments that makes up its boundary. Polygons may have attributes describing the region they represent, such as the period(s) for a historic town.
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!PPG 15
Planning Policy Guidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment, now replaced by the [NPPF|Glossary#NPPF].
!Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS)
Established by the [DCMS|Glossary#DCMS] with the British Museum to promote the recording of archaeological objects found by metal-detector users and others [https://finds.org.uk/].
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!PPG 16
Planning Policy Guidance Note 16: Archaeology and Planning, now replaced by the [NPPF|Glossary#NPPF].
!PPG
Planning Policy Guidance Note: a series of guidance notes issued by the [DoE|Glossary#DoE] identifying issues to be taken into consideration by local planning authorities. (England)
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!PPS5
Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment, this replaced PPGs [15|Glossary#PPG 15] and [16|Glossary#PPG 16] and has now been replaced itself by the [NPPF|Glossary#NPPF].
!PPG 15
Planning Policy Guidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment, now replaced by the [NPPF|Glossary#NPPF].
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!Preferred term
A term which can be selected for retrieval and can be used for indexing.
!PPG 16
Planning Policy Guidance Note 16: Archaeology and Planning, now replaced by the [NPPF|Glossary#NPPF].
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!PRN
Primary Reference Number to [SMR|Glossary#SMR] records.
!PPS5
[Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment|http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120920011334/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/1514132.pdf|target='_blank'], this replaced[PPG 15|Glossary#PPG 15] and [PPG 16|Glossary#PPG 16] and has now been replaced itself by the [NPPF|Glossary#NPPF].
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!Protected Wreck
These are wreck sites in UK waters which have been identified and designated for protection by the [DCMS|Glossary#DCMS].
!Preferred term
A term which can be selected for retrieval and can be used for indexing.
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!Public Enquiry
A process in which evidence may be presented by members of the public and other parties to an official body for review and for their recommendations. The location of new developments (such as roads or airports) is an example of a subject which may go to public enquiry.
!PRN
Primary Reference Number.
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!Public Record Office
The national organisation responsible for curating archive collections that include national government papers.
!Protected Wreck
These are wreck sites in UK waters which have been identified and designated for protection by the [DCMS|Glossary#DCMS].
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!Public Enquiry
A process in which evidence may be presented by members of the public and other parties to an official body for review and for their recommendations. The location of new developments (such as roads or airports) is an example of a subject which may go to public enquiry.
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!!R
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!RAF
Royal Air Force: the RAF has been engaged in aerial photography and other remote-sensing techniques since its inception. In the ten years after World War II, the RAF undertook routine aerial-survey programmes to produce vertical photographs for use by the [OS|Glossary#OS] in mapmaking.
!Public Record Office
The national organisation responsible for curating archive collections that include national government papers.
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!RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!Raster
A data structure composed of a grid of cells. Groups of cells represent geographical features; the value in the cell represents the attribute of the feature.
!!R
----
!RAF
Royal Air Force: the RAF has been engaged in aerial photography and other remote-sensing techniques since its inception. In the ten years after World War II, the RAF undertook routine aerial-survey programmes to produce vertical photographs for use by the [OS|Glossary#OS] in mapmaking.
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!RCHME
Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England: the national body established by Royal Warrant in 1908 to compile a record of ancient and historical monuments in England and make recommendations concerning their preservation. In 1999, the RCHME was merged with [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage].
!RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
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!RCAHMS
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
!Raster
A data structure composed of a grid of cells. Groups of cells represent geographical features; the value in the cell represents the attribute of the feature.
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!RCAHMW
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.
!RCHME
Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England: the national body established by Royal Warrant in 1908 to compile a record of ancient and historical monuments in England and make recommendations concerning their preservation. In 1999, the RCHME was merged with [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage].
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!RDA
Regional Development Agency.
!RCAHMS
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. In 2015 RCAHMS merged with Historic Scotland to form Historic Environment Scotland (HES). See also [HES|Glossary#HES]
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!Recording policy
A policy document which defines the breadth and scope of the information recorded in the [HER|Glossary#HER]. This document is separate to the [collecting policy|Glossary#Collecting policy] (see above).
!RCAHMW
The [Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales|http://www.rcahmw.gov.uk/|target='_blank'], is the national body of survey and record. It publishes the results of surveys and investigations into archaeological and historic monuments and buildings and curates the National Monuments Record for Wales ([NMRW|Glossary#NMRW]).
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!Recording-practice guidelines
Desk manuals for use in [HERs|Glossary#HER], [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] and the NMRs that are based around national data standards but which aim to provide practical guidance on how to record in the local situation. They may include guidelines on sources, monument categories, adding and editing records, etc.
!RDA
Regional Development Agency, these were set up in 1998 and abolished in 2012.
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!Recording standards
Agreed standards for recording information within a computer system or card index. See [Data standards|Glossary#Data standards] and [Data dictionary|Glossary#Data dictionary].
!RDBMS
Relational Database Management System.
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!Record map
This refers to the maps (most commonly at 1:10,000 scale) used to record the location of sites or monuments in [HERs|Glossary#HER]/SMRs prior to the introduction of [GIS|Glossary#GIS].
!Recording policy
A policy document which defines the breadth and scope of the information recorded in the [HER|Glossary#HER]. This document is separate to the [collecting policy|Glossary#Collecting policy] (see above).
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!Records management
The function of managing records to meet operational business needs, accountability requirements and community expectations.
!Recording-practice guidelines
Desk manuals for use in [HERs|Glossary#HER], [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] and the NMRs that are based around national data standards but which aim to provide practical guidance on how to record in the local situation. They may include guidelines on sources, monument categories, adding and editing records, etc.
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!Registered Battlefields
A register of battlefields of special historical interest, to draw attention to the importance of these sites. For English battlefields it has been compiled by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage].
!Recording standards
Agreed standards for recording information within a computer system or card index. See [Data standards|Glossary#Data standards] and [Data dictionary|Glossary#Data dictionary].
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!Registered Parks and Gardens
A register of parks and gardens of special historical interest, to draw attention to the importance of these sites. For parks and gardens in England it has been compiled by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage]. Parks and Gardens dating from 1939 or earlier are included in the register and the gardens are graded (I, II* or II) to indicate their interest.
!Record map
This refers to the maps (most commonly at 1:10,000 scale) used to record the location of sites or monuments in [HERs|Glossary#HER]/SMRs prior to the introduction of [GIS|Glossary#GIS].
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!Related term
A [preferred term|Glossary#Preferred term] linked to another preferred term conceptually but not hierarchically, for example 'Stable' and 'Tack Shed'. Although both terms are to do with horses there is not a hierarchical relationship but the conceptual link is so close that anybody looking for 'Tack Sheds' might also want to look for 'Stables'.
!Records management
The function of managing records to meet operational business needs, accountability requirements and community expectations.
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!Relational database
A database which structures data in the form of tables. Each table contains information relevant to a particular feature, and is linked to other tables by a common value. For example, two attribute tables could be lined to a spatial data table via a geocode, such as a postcode, or a unique identifier.
!Registered Battlefields
A register of battlefields of special historical interest, to draw attention to the importance of these sites. For English battlefields it is compiled by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England].
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!Remote sensing
The science of acquiring information about the earth using instruments which are remote to the earth's surface, usually from aircraft or satellites (but geophysical information is also relevant). Can provide the ability for the rapid acquisition of data for large areas.
!Registered Parks and Gardens
A register of parks and gardens of special historical interest, to draw attention to the importance of these sites. For parks and gardens in England it has been compiled by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] (formerly English Heritage). Parks and Gardens dating from 1939 or earlier are included in the register and the gardens are graded (I, II* or II) to indicate their interest.
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!Research frameworks
An assessment of land use, settlement, environment, economy and society in a regional context which provide a framework for curation, decision-making and research.
!Relational database
A database which structures data in the form of tables. Each table contains information relevant to a particular feature, and is linked to other tables by a common value. For example, two attribute tables could be lined to a spatial data table via a geocode, such as a postcode, or a unique identifier.
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!Resolution
The resolution of a digital dataset expresses the size of the smallest object which can be depicted. The term is most commonly associated with the [raster|Glossary#Raster] data model where the resolution of a [raster|Glossary#Raster] or grid is equal to the size of the cell in the real world.
!Remote sensing
The science of acquiring information about the earth using instruments which are remote to the earth's surface, usually from aircraft or satellites (but geophysical information is also relevant). Can provide the ability for the rapid acquisition of data for large areas.
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!Resource
Resource: The Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries: established as MLAC in April 2000 and later launched with a new name. This national body replaces the former [MGC|Glossary#MGC] and takes on national responsibilities for libraries and archives. a second name change has since occurred and the organisation is now known as [MLA|Glossary#MLA].
!Research frameworks
Research Frameworks are an agreed set of research topics developed through the collaboration of experts in the field. They help to co-ordinate and prioritise research across the sector.
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!RHSBE
Register of Historic Sites and Buildings of England, the new protection register proposed in [HPR|Glossary#HPR].
!Resolution
The resolution of a digital dataset expresses the size of the smallest object which can be depicted. The term is most commonly associated with the raster data model where the resolution of a raster or grid is equal to the size of the cell in the real world.
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!RIGS
Regionally Important Geological Sites.
!RNIB
Royal National Institute for the Blind
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!RNIB
Royal National Institute for the Blind
!RNID
Royal National Institute for the Deaf
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!RNID
Royal National Institute for the Deaf
!Rubber Sheeting
A process which adjusts the relative positions of features within a dataset in a non-linear, or non-uniform way. It is used to transform the co-ordinates of maps with different scales, orientation or co-ordinate systems.
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!ROW
Rights of Way, footpaths and other routes along which members of the public have the right to pass.
|[Back to the top|Glossary#Informing the Future of the Past Glossary]
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!RR(A)A
Race Relations Amendment Act, 2000.
!RSLP
Reasearch Support Libraries Programme: a national initiative, funded by the four higher education funding bodies to bring together both forms of access to library information, with specific reference to support for research.
!RSM
Record of Scheduled Monuments. The RSM is the [EH|Glossary#English Heritage] database for managing information on [Scheduled Monuments|Glossary#SM]. An RSM number identifies a [scheduled monument|Glossary#SM] within that system.
!RSS
Regional Spatial Strategy.
!Rubber sheeting
A process which adjusts the relative positions of features within a dataset in a non~linear, or non-uniform way. It is used to transform the co-ordinates of maps with different scales, orientation or co-ordinate systems.
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!SAM
Scheduled Ancient Monument: Scotland and Wales (for England see [SM|Glossary#SM]).
!SHED Strategy
The Scotland's Historic Environment Data (SHED) Strategy is a sector-wide initiative to improve access to information about Scotland’s historic environment. See [SHED|http://smrforum-scotland.org.uk/shed/]
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!Scanning
A data-capture technique which digitises information from paper or film hard copy into digital [raster|Glossary#Raster] data. The process is rapid, but the resulting [raster|Glossary#Raster] dataset only has colour, grey-scale or black-and white attributes associated with it and may not have the intelligence necessary for [GIS|Glossary#GIS] analysis. Some [GIS|Glossary#GIS] have tools for converting [raster|Glossary#Raster] to [vector data|Glossary#Vector Data], but these always require some human intervention.
!SHINE
Selected Heritage Inventory for Natural England. A single, nationally consistent dataset of historic environment features across England that could benefit from management through agri-environment schemes.
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!SCAPE
Scottish Coastal Archaeology and the Problem of Erosion.
!SMR Forum
The Scottish SMR Forum is a discussion forum for circulating information and considering issues relating to Historic Environment Records (HERs) and Sites and Monuments Records (SMRs) in Scotland. The forum includes representatives from Historic Environment Scotland and the National Trust for Scotland, as well as local authority HERs and SMRs, and others. See [SMR Forum|http://smrforum-scotland.org.uk/]
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!SCAUM
Standing Conference of Archaeological Unit Managers.
!Scheduling
The process of identifying, assessing, reviewing and recommending monuments to the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport for the purpose of inclusion in the Schedule of Monuments. Scheduling of monuments in England is currently incorporated in the [Monuments Protection Programme|Glossary#MPP].
!SCONUL
Society of College, National and University Libraries
!Scope note
A definition of a term for the purposes of the terminology list. It may, or may not, also include guidance upon its use.
!SCRAN
Scottish Cultural Resources Access Network.
!SDA
Sex Discrimination Act, 1975.
!SDD
Scottish Development Department
!SEA
Strategic Environment Assessment
!Secondary sources
Published and unpublished works that are based on the interpretation of primary research materials such as finds, aerial photographs, geophysical survey data, etc. Some secondary sources are based on interpretation of both primary data and re-interpretation of other secondary sources.
!Segment
One of the basic spatial entitles and a basis for spatial models. Formed from a set of ordered co-ordinates (vertics).
!Signpost
Cross-references to places where other information can be found.
!Simple wordlist
A list of terms that do not have any relationships built into the [wordlist|Glossary#Wordlist] and do not have multiple elements attached to the same concept.
!SLA
Service Level Agreement: an agreement between a client and a contractor that sets out agreed service levels, for example minimum response time, the number of hours of telephone support, replacement equipment, etc.
!SM
Scheduled Monument (England), formerly Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM): a monument included in the Schedule of Monuments and protected under the terms of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. For Scotland and Wales see [SAM|Glossary#SAM].
!SMaR
Scheduled Monuments at Risk in England, now part of [HaR|Glossary#HaR].
!SMR
Sites and Monuments Record, now know as [HERs|Glossary#HER] particularly in England, some individual records still use the title SMR.
!SMR Assessment Report
Report commissioned by [ALGAO|Glossary#ALGAO UK] from David Baker, with funding from the [RCHME|Glossary#RCHME], giving an assessment of the condition of [SMRs|Glossary#SMR] in England in 1998 (Baker 1999a). David Baker produced Similar reports for Scotland and Wales.
!SMR Forum (Scotland)
A forum formed in order to implement the recommendations of the Baker Report (1999) in Scotland’s 18 SMRs.
!Spatial analysis
This is the process of applying analytical techniques to geographically referenced datasets to extract or generate new geographical information. Spatial analysis may be used to model complex geographical interactions and is useful for investigating site suitability and predicting future events. Overall, analytical techniques may be complex, but are usually made up of a combination of simpler techniques applied in an appropriate order.
!SPECTRUM
The UK museum documentation standard published by the [mda|Glossary#mda]. This standard is integral to [MGC|Glossary#MGC] registration for museums and is being implemented throughout the UK and worldwide in both manual and computerised systems.
!SPP
Scottish Planning Policy: guidance issued by the Scottish Executive.
!SSSI
Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
!Statutory instrument
Any designation to which the Statutory Instruments Act 1946 applies.
!Strategic plan
A high-level planning document which sets out an organisation's overall aims and objectives for the next three to five years.
!Superfile package
[English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage]-supported text-file system for [SMRs|Glossary#SMR] based on the [AN32|Glossary#AN32] recording form.
!SWAD
Scottish Wetland Archaeological Database.
!Synonym
A term having a different form or spelling but the same or nearly the same meaning as another term, for example, Slaughter House and Abattoir or Dovecote and Dovecot.
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!TAN
Technical Advice Note (Scotland): guidance produced by [Historic Scotland|Glossary#Historic Scotland].
Also Technical Advice Notes (Wales) which supplement "Planning Guidance (Wales): Planning Policy".
!Technology preservation
The maintenance of hardware, operating systems and applications used to create specific data.
!Term list
Another phrase for a [wordlist|Glossary#Wordlist].
!Terminology control
The overall concept of the use of terms to control the recording and retrieval of any given unit of information.
!Thematic map
A map which communicates a single theme or subject. For example, a map depicting the number of fieldwork projects within different administrative areas, or the number of sites within areas would be thematic maps. These contrast with general-purpose topographic mapping which depicts features such as roads, rivers, landmarks and elevation.
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A [thesaurus|Glossary#Thesaurus] maintained by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] as part of [INSCRIPTION|Glossary#INSCRIPTION] to provide an index to materials used in the construction of buildings and other structures such as public monuments, garden ornaments, street furniture, etc.
A thesaurus of construction materials for monuments relating to the built and buried heritage. Maintained by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] and [FISH|Glossary#FISH].
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!Thesaurus of Event Types
A thesaurus used for recording archaeological and architectural investigative, data collection exercises; from intrusive interventions into the resource to non damaging survey events. Maintained by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] and [FISH|Glossary#FISH].
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A [thesaurus|Glossary#Thesaurus] maintained by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] as part of [INSCRIPTION|Glossary#INSCRIPTION] to provide an index to monuments, buildings and other built structures by character and function.
A thesaurus used for recording most types of monuments relating to the built and buried heritage in England, covering individual heritage assets, complex structures and building assemblages. Maintained by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England] and [FISH|Glossary#FISH].
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!TOAD
Database system developed by Oxford Arch Digital.
!TOID
Topographic Identifier in [MasterMap|Glossary#MasterMap].
!Topography
The natural and artificial features of the landscape.
!Topology
The relationships in spatial terms between connected or adjacent geographical objects. Topology is used to apply intelligence to data held in [vector data|Glossary#Vector Data] models. For example, topological information for an arc might include the [polygon|Glossary#Polygon] to its left and right and the [nodes|Glossary#Node] to which it is connected.
!TORC
Training Online Resource Centre.
!TPO
Tree Preservation Order.
!Treasure Act
The 1996 Act that defines which finds or objects should be reported to local coroners as Treasure.
!Trojan horse
A type of program that is moved insidiously on to a computer system to be triggered at sometime by certain pre-defined actions, usually with disastrous consequences.
!Ty Gofal
All Wales Agri-Environment Scheme.
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!U3A
University of the Third Age
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Urban Archaeological Database.
Urban Archaeological Database: a form of detailed Historic Environment Record coverage, carried out in historic towns and cities which have rich and complex below-ground archaeology. Most UADs now form part of the [Historic Environment Record|Glossary#HER] which covers the town or city in question.
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!UDP
Urban Development Plan (Wales).
!UKSGB
UK Standard Geographic Base.
!UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation: a specialised agency of the UN which works to preserve our cultural heritage, bringing together those who can help all nations set the course towards co-operation, development and peace.
!Unit of information
Units of 'reformation are the fundamental facts of interest contained within an information system whether computerised or manual.
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Universal Resource Locator: an address used to identify resources on the World Wide Web.
Uniform Resource Locator: a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. Also colloquially termed a web address.
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!User declaration forms
These are forms that set out the role of the [SMR|Glossary#SMR] and its commitment to conservation and preservation of the historic environment
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!Vector Data
A data model based on the representation of geographical objects by Cartesian co-ordinates, commonly used to represent linear features. Each feature is represented by a series of co-ordinates which define its shape, and which can have linked information. More sophisticated vector data models include topology.
!Vector Data:
A [GIS|Glossary#GIS] file format in which geographical features are expressed as geometrical shapes. Different geographical features are expressed by different types of geometry, including [point|Glossary#point], line and [polygon|Glossary#polygon] format.
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!Version 1 SMR systems
Text flies based on a paper report form used by [English Heritage|Glossary#English Heritage] to record visits to [Scheduled Monuments|Glossary#SM] by [FMWs|Glossary#FMW] (known as [AM107|Glossary#AM107] and its predecessors the AM12 and AM7).
!Viruses
A computer virus is a self-replicating programme, which may or may not be harmful. Viruses are inadvertently spread from computer to computer on floppy discs, email attachments and from the [internet|Glossary#Internet]. Once introduced on to a computer they may simply display a message on screen but some cause damage to data files.
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!Walsh Committee
The 1968 Committee of Enquiry into the arrangements for the Protection of Field Monuments by County Planning Authorities.
!Welsh Government
The Welsh Government (Welsh: Llywodraeth Cymru) is the executive of the devolved National Assembly for Wales. The government was established in 1999 as the Welsh Assembly Government by the Government of Wales Act 1998, which created a devolved administration for Wales in line with the result of the 1997 referendum on Welsh devolution. The government is responsible for tabling policy in devolved areas for consideration by the assembly and implementing policy that has been approved by it.
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!Walsh report
The report prepared by the Walsh Committee and published in 1969.
!WAN
Wide Area Network: a computer network for a series of buildings which may be widely separated across the country.
!WAT
Welsh Archaeological Trusts.
!Web server
A web server is a computer that provides access to HTML documents and other web-enabled materials stored on its hard disc or memory. This may simply be a personal computer with appropriate communications software and a connection to the [internet|Glossary#Internet], or it may be a higher specification machine maintained by an [ISP|Glossary#ISP] or a large organisation.
!Website
A linked series of HTML documents that is available on the [internet|Glossary#Internet] at a location identified by a [URL|Glossary#URL] is referred to as a website. A web page is a single HTML document.
!Web space
Space on the web server that may be used for file storage and for a website. Websites have an address or [URL|Glossary#URL] which locates a hypertext file on the World Wide Web.
!WG
Welsh Government.
!WGS84
World Geodetic System map projection.
!WHS
World Heritage Site: A site which is identified on the list of cultural and natural properties protected under the [UNESCO|Glossary#UNESCO] Convention on World Heritage agreed by the World Heritage Committee.
!WI
Womens Institute.
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!Worms
A destructive program that replicates itself throughout a single computer or across a network, both wired and wireless.
!WoSAS
West of Scotland Archaeological Service.
!WSI
Written Scheme of Investigation.
!www
World Wide Web
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Extensible Markup language
Extensible Markup Language is a standard for creating markup languages which describe the structure of data. It is not a fixed set of elements like HTML, but rather, it is like SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language) in that it is a metalanguage, or a language for describing languages. XML enables authors to define their own tags. XML is a formal specification of the World Wide Web Consortium.
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United Kingdom Forum for Structured Information Standards
!!Y
----
!YAC
Young Archaeologists Club.
!!Z
----
!Z39.50
A communications protocol designed to enable communication between computer systems.
United Kingdom Forum for Structured Information Standards [http://www.xmluk.org]
This page (revision-161) was last changed on 25-Sep-2018 15:46 by Staffordshire Historic Environment RecordTop