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At line 17 changed 2 lines
[{Image src='fig42.jpg' alt='Figure 42: A GIS generated map showing Bronze Age barrows over Landscape Types and rivers in Hampshire.'}]
''Figure 42: A GIS generated map showing Bronze Age barrows over Landscape Types and rivers in Hampshire (© Hampshire County Council 2007 and © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. 100019181. 2007).''
[{Image src='fig42.jpg' alt='Figure 19: A GIS generated map showing Bronze Age barrows over Landscape Types and rivers in Hampshire.'}]
''Figure 19: A GIS generated map showing Bronze Age barrows over Landscape Types and rivers in Hampshire (© Hampshire County Council 2007 and © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. 100019181. 2007).''
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*the initial data load from HER text database to GIS (see [B.8.4|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/ifp/Wiki.jsp?page=SectionB.8#section-SectionB.8-B.8.4DataMigration])
*the initial data load from HER text database to GIS (see [B.10.4|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/ifp/Wiki.jsp?page=SectionB.10#section-SectionB.10-B.10.4DataMigration])
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Where the extent of the monument is known and especially where the monument or building is clearly visible, then there are advantages in showing the extent of the monument on the GIS. This enables users to see the monument or building in relation to other features in its landscape setting. Figure 44 shows an example of.the use of polygons to plot the early 19th century defences south of Chelmsford in relation to contours, thus allowing their topographical location to be understood.
Where the extent of the monument is known and especially where the monument or building is clearly visible, then there are advantages in showing the extent of the monument on the GIS. This enables users to see the monument or building in relation to other features in its landscape setting. Figure 20 shows an example of.the use of polygons to plot the early 19th century defences south of Chelmsford in relation to contours, thus allowing their topographical location to be understood.
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[{Image src='fig44.gif' alt='Figure 44: A GIS layer showing the use of polygons to show the extent of the early 19th-century defences at Chelmsford.'}]
''Figure 44: A GIS layer showing the use of polygons to show the extent of the early 19th-century defences at Chelmsford. (© Essex County Council 2007and © Crown Copyright, All rights reserved. 100019602. 2007).''
[{Image src='fig44.gif' alt='Figure 20: A GIS layer showing the use of polygons to show the extent of the early 19th-century defences at Chelmsford.'}]
''Figure 20: A GIS layer showing the use of polygons to show the extent of the early 19th-century defences at Chelmsford. (© Essex County Council 2007and © Crown Copyright, All rights reserved. 100019602. 2007).''
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Many sites recorded in HERs require special consideration in land-use planning, for example sites that are afforded statutory protection, which may have a legally defined boundary showing the protected area (Figure 45). The protected area may differ from the full extent of the monument site, such as a monument site that survives partially as earthworks and partially as cropmarks, with the better preserved portion of the site being scheduled. For these reasons, it is recommended practice to create separate layers within the GIS depicting the extents of protected sites, for example a Scheduled Monument (SM) layer would be created for scheduled monuments. These can then be displayed over other polygons that might show features or monuments both lying within and outside the protected area. It is recommended that HERs should, where possible, obtain digital boundaries from the organisation responsible for maintaining them, for example scheduled monuments from English Heritage. It has been recently agreed in Scotland that the RCAHMS displays site polygons as known extents, while the HERs/SMRs display site polygons with buffer zones. The extent of those buffer zones and so forth are still being discussed but agreement should be reached by end of 2006.
Many sites recorded in HERs require special consideration in land-use planning, for example sites that are afforded statutory protection, which may have a legally defined boundary showing the protected area (Figure 21). The protected area may differ from the full extent of the monument site, such as a monument site that survives partially as earthworks and partially as cropmarks, with the better preserved portion of the site being scheduled. For these reasons, it is recommended practice to create separate layers within the GIS depicting the extents of protected sites, for example a Scheduled Monument (SM) layer would be created for scheduled monuments. These can then be displayed over other polygons that might show features or monuments both lying within and outside the protected area. It is recommended that HERs should, where possible, obtain digital boundaries from the organisation responsible for maintaining them, for example scheduled monuments from English Heritage. It has been recently agreed in Scotland that the RCAHMS displays site polygons as known extents, while the HERs/SMRs display site polygons with buffer zones. The extent of those buffer zones and so forth are still being discussed but agreement should be reached by end of 2006.
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[{Image src='fig45.gif' alt='Figure 45: Great Chesterford scheduled area.'}]
''Figure 45: Great Chesterford scheduled area (© Essex County Council 2007 and © Crown Copyright, All rights reserved. 100019602. 2007).''
[{Image src='fig45.gif' alt='Figure 21: Great Chesterford scheduled area.'}]
''Figure 21: Great Chesterford scheduled area (© Essex County Council 2007 and © Crown Copyright, All rights reserved. 100019602. 2007).''
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GIS systems are made up of 'layers' of information, which can be overlaid, combined and analysed to create new information. For example, the location of a number of archaeological sites could be compared to the location of aspects of the environment (Figure 46).
GIS systems are made up of 'layers' of information, which can be overlaid, combined and analysed to create new information. For example, the location of a number of archaeological sites could be compared to the location of aspects of the environment (Figure 22).
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[{Image src='fig46.jpg' alt='Figure 46: Examples of layers in a GIS.'}]
''Figure 46: Examples of layers in a GIS.''
[{Image src='fig46.jpg' alt='Figure 22: Examples of layers in a GIS.'}]
''Figure 22: Examples of layers in a GIS.''
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These can then be used to identify sites which lie within the boundaries of particular soil types, creating new information (very useful, for example, in identifying impacts of agri-environmental schemes, set-aside, and so forth) (Figure 47).
These can then be used to identify sites which lie within the boundaries of particular soil types, creating new information (very useful, for example, in identifying impacts of agri-environmental schemes, set-aside, and so forth) (Figure 23).
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[{Image src='fig47.jpg' alt='Figure 47: A new GIS layer: archaeological sites on arable land.'}]
''Figure 47: A new GIS layer: archaeological sites on arable land.''
[{Image src='fig47.jpg' alt='Figure 23: A new GIS layer: archaeological sites on arable land.'}]
''Figure 23: A new GIS layer: archaeological sites on arable land.''