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At line 164 changed one line
*__Defining Boundaries__ – The sea is not divided into convenient administrative areas like the land and local authorities do not have powers below low water mark However, some HERs are developing maritime components and becoming involved in providing advice on marine archaeological features. Neighbouring Local Authority HERs should discuss how County/District boundaries will be extended in the form of arbitrary quasi-administrative areas Planning powers in Scotland do not currently extend beyond the low watermark – see http://www.scotland.gov.uk/environment/coastalforum/scotscoast.asp#4 for a discussion of the current framework for coastal management in Scotland)
*__Defining Boundaries__ – The sea is not divided into convenient administrative areas like the land and local authorities do not have powers below low water mark However, some HERs are developing maritime components and becoming involved in providing advice on marine archaeological features. Neighbouring Local Authority HERs should discuss how County/District boundaries will be extended in the form of arbitrary quasi-administrative areas Planning powers in Scotland do not currently extend beyond the low watermark – see [http://www.scotland.gov.uk/environment/coastalforum/scotscoast.asp#4|http://www.scotland.gov.uk/environment/coastalforum/scotscoast.asp#4] for a discussion of the current framework for coastal management in Scotland)
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!!D.3.4 Compilation from digital sources
The number of digital sources available to HERs is expanding rapidly. By using GIS digital sources data can be displayed against traditional HER information and the relevant data can be included without the whole dataset being recast. Digital sources vary enormously but can be divided into two main types
!Heritage data sets
In addition to statutory datasets (SMs and LBs) noted above, these can include the results of projects such as the Portable Antiquities Scheme or large scale survey projects for example funded by the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund, English Heritage or Historic Scotland In the past individual HERs had little influence over the data structure of such digital sources, limiting their effective integration. Many HERs did not have the staff time to allow them to recast the data correctly, resulting in backlogs. This meant that the resources created by such projects were underused. This problem has been recognised and is now being addressed in England by greater consultation with the EH NMR Data Standards Unit and HERs at the project planning stage and by the development of interoperability standards such as the FISH toolkit.
In Scotland in 2004 all Scottish SMRs, RCAHMS, Historic Scotland and the Scottish archaeological contracting units took a joint decision that reporting of archaeological events should conform to a standard form and procedure. The result is ASPIRE, an Archaeological Standard Protocol for the Integrated Reporting of Events. ASPIRE rigorously specifies data structure, data type and required fields for reporting new archaeological information to SMRs and the RCAHMS. This specification includes databases and GIS layers and encourages their use. From late 2005 the use of the ASPIRE protocol is enforceable via the development control process nationally as well as being a condition of grant/contract for HS funds. In addition its use is actively promoted and encouraged for non-commercial archaeological events such as academic and amateur surveys and excavations.
In addition HERs may wish to incorporate digital information from other HERs to provide a better context for the data they manage. Examples of this might include the incorporation of a city UAD into a county HER or a buffer zone of HER data from adjacent local authorities around a county or district HER boundary. Such information would be viewed but not curated by the receiving HER and would not affect the management responsibilities of the reciprocating organisations.
In Wales the vast majority of such datasets arise from Cadw and RCAHMW sponsored projects and in general have been better integrated into HERs from the outset. However, similar data exchange issues do exist here.
See also section C.8.1 on online sources.
__''Useful Web sites for heritage data sets''__
Archaeology Data Service, ArchSearch: [http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/]
Great Britain Historical GIS Project: [http://hds.essex.ac.uk/gbh.asp|http://hds.essex.ac.uk/gbh.asp], [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/|http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/]
MAGIC: [http://www.magic.gov.uk/|http://www.magic.gov.uk/]
For Scotland many historical maps are available online on the National Library of Scotland web site [http://www.nls.uk/digitallibrary/map/index.html|http://www.nls.uk/digitallibrary/map/index.html].
Roy's Military Survey of Scotland 1747-55 (surveyed) is available online on the SCRAN website subject to subscription [http://www.scran.ac.uk/|http://www.scran.ac.uk/]
!Non-Heritage data sets
Through a corporate GIS HERs may have access to a range of other digital datasets which can be used in conjunction with HER data without needing incorporation into the record (see also Part E). These could include information produced by national bodies such as the National Soil Survey and the British Geological Survey or information produced by local or regional government such as habitat maps, hedgerow surveys, aerial photographic surveys. It is worth speaking to colleagues in other departments to see what they hold. In many cases different services within one authority would benefit from access to the same digital data and the cost of purchasing data sets can be split.
__''Useful web sites for non-heritage data sets''__
[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/products/digitalmaps/digmapgb.html|http://www.bgs.ac.uk/products/digitalmaps/digmapgb.html]\\
[http://www2.getmapping.com/home.asp|http://www2.getmapping.com/home.asp]\\
[http://www.magic.gov.uk/|http://www.magic.gov.uk/]\\
[http://www.old-maps.co.uk/|http://www.old-maps.co.uk/]\\
[http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/|http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/]\\
!!D.3.5 Approaches to compilation from basic sources
In most areas, there is an almost endless supply of potential documentary and digital sources. New journals and archives become available, new datasets are created or the breadth of the HER information base is extended to cover new topics. Many HERs have identified large quantities of sources that might be trawled, but it is difficult to estimate how any particular source will benefit the scope and information content of the HER without accessing the material.
A better approach might be to plan to maintain the HER incorporating information from field projects and to enhance the breadth and scope of the HER through enhancement projects. Both strategies will use documentary and digital sources.
!!!D.4 Keeping up to date with fieldwork
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