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SectionD.3
SectionD.3

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There are several standard sources of information that all HERs should incorporate. The OS record cards provided the basic starting point for most. In some cases SMRs recasting projects created computer records from the OS cards, in other cases digital data was supplied from the appropriate National Monuments Record.
There are several standard sources of information that all HERs should incorporate. The [OS record cards|Glossary#OS card index|target='_blank'] provided the basic starting point for most. In some cases SMRs recasting projects created computer records from the OS cards, in other cases digital data was supplied from the appropriate National Monuments Record.
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A key information source for HERs is details of sites in their areas that are either under some form of statutory protection or that are registered as being of special interest or at risk. This information is maintained by English Heritage as part of its statutory functions (Historic Scotland and CADW within their respective countries). HERs and Historic Buildings Records should all routinely receive paper notifications of changes and additions to schedulings or listings (in Scotland this information is supplied digitally by Historic Scotland).
A key information source for HERs is details of sites in their areas that are either under some form of statutory protection or that are registered as being of special interest or at risk. This information is maintained by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England|target='_blank'] as part of its statutory functions ([Historic Environment Scotland|Glossary#Historic Scotland|target='_blank'] and [Cadw|Glossary#Cadw|target='_blank'] within their respective countries). HERs and Historic Buildings Records should all routinely receive paper notifications of changes and additions to schedulings or listings (in Scotland this information is supplied digitally by [Historic Environment Scotland|Glossary#Historic Scotland|target='_blank']).
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Digital data from the national heritage datasets will be available to HERs in the future under licence from the NMR. These datasets include:
*__AMIE__: a historic environment database of sites, monuments, buildings, archives, archaeological/architectural interventions and surveys in England and its territorial waters
*__Record of Scheduled Monuments (RSM)__: a database of scheduled monuments in England
*__Listed Building System (LBS)__: a database of the lists of buildings of special architectural and historic interest in England maintained by English Heritage on behalf of the DCMS
*__Parks and Gardens Registration System (PaG)__: a database of the register of parks and gardens of historical interest in England
*__Battlefields Register__: the register of battlefields of historical interest (http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/battlefields)
*__Buildings at Risk (BAR) Register__: a database of grade I and II* listed buildings and upstanding scheduled monuments identified as being at risk of deterioration or loss ([http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/bar|http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/bar]). Many local authorities keep their own BAR register for grade II listed buildings.
*__Protected Wrecks__: a list of protected wreck sites in English coastal waters
*__Desk GIS__: provides a corporate Geographical Information System with integrated access to historic environment data such as the RSM, LBS, AMIE and PaG both spatially and textually. HSIS enables the capture, display and analysis of statutory and non-statutory data in context with other geographic data
*__Controlled Sites and Protected Places__: Designated under the [1986 Military Remains Act|http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1986/35]. NB All crashed military aircraft are covered by this Act.
*__List of World Heritage Sites__: a list of World Heritage Sites in England.
Digital data from the national heritage datasets will be available to HERs in the future under licence. These datasets include:
*__[NRHE|Glossary#NRHE|target='_blank']__: a historic environment database of sites, monuments, buildings, archaeological/architectural interventions and surveys in England and its territorial waters
*__The Historic England Archive__: Catalogue information on archive curated by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England|target='_blank']
*__[NHLE|Glossary#NHLE|target='_blank']__: a database of scheduled monuments, lists of buildings of special architectural and historic interest, registered Parks and Gardens, registered Battlefields, Protected Wrecks and World Heritage Sites in England.
*__Buildings at Risk (BAR) Register__: a database of grade I and II* listed buildings and upstanding scheduled monuments identified as being at risk of deterioration or loss ([https://www.historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/buildings/buildings-at-risk/|https://www.historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/buildings/buildings-at-risk/|target='_blank']). Many local authorities keep their own BAR register for grade II listed buildings.
*__Controlled Sites and Protected Places__: Designated under the [1986 Military Remains Act|Bibliography#Protection of Military Remains 1986|target='_blank']. NB All crashed military aircraft are covered by this Act.
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__''LB Online''__ ([http://lbonline.english-heritage.org.uk/|http://lbonline.english-heritage.org.uk/]) provides up-to-date access to the statutory Lists of Buildings of Special Architectural and Historic Interest and is made available by English Heritage and the DCMS. The site is currently for the staff of Local Planning Authorities, National Amenity Societies and some other authorised government agencies.
__''NHLE''__ ([https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/|https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/]) provides up-to-date access to the statutory records of sites with legal protection including listed buildings and scheduled monuments and is made available by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England|target='_blank'] and the [DCMS|Glossary#DCMS|target='_blank'].
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__''Images of England''__ ([http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/|http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/]) Images of England is a groundbreaking heritage initiative funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and English Heritage. The project aims to create a 'point in time' photographic record of every listed building in England. The photographs, taken by hundreds of volunteer photographers, are being posted alongside existing list descriptions for each building to create what will be one of the largest free to access digital image libraries in the world with over 300,000 images when complete.
__''Images of England''__ ([http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/|http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/]) Images of England was a groundbreaking heritage initiative funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and English Heritage (now part of [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England|target='_blank']). The project created a 'point in time' photographic record of every listed building in England. The photographs, taken by hundreds of volunteer photographers, are being posted alongside existing list descriptions for each building to create what will be one of the largest free to access digital image libraries in the world with over 300,000 images when complete.
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__''PastScape''__ ([http://www.pastscape.org/|http://www.pastscape.org/]) is a prototype web site developed by English Heritage's National Monuments Record (NMR), which provides an easy-to-use method of accessing information taken directly from the NMR's national historic environment database (AMIE) containing nearly 400,000 records on the archaeology, monuments and buildings of England and its territorial waters. These records contain descriptions of any interesting archaeological details, pictures (where available), and links to maps and aerial photographs on other websites.
__''PastScape''__ ([http://www.pastscape.org/|http://www.pastscape.org/]) is a web site developed by [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England|target='_blank'], which provides an easy-to-use method of accessing information taken directly from the NRHE containing over 400,000 records on the archaeology, monuments and buildings of England and its territorial waters. These records contain descriptions of any interesting archaeological details, pictures (where available), and links to maps and aerial photographs on other websites.
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*__Scheduled Ancient Monuments database__: a database of scheduled monuments in Wales maintained by Cadw on behalf of the Welsh Government.
*__Scheduled Ancient Monuments database__: a database of scheduled monuments in Wales maintained by [Cadw|Glossary#Cadw|target='_blank'] on behalf of the Welsh Government.
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The Extended National Database for Wales (END). The END is based on a partnership of Welsh heritage bodies, including the RCAHMW, the Archaeological Trusts of Wales, Cadw and the National Museums and Galleries of Wales (NMGW) who have created a national index of archaeological and architectural information. The information encompasses NMRW's site database, the Sites and Monuments Records held by each of the four Archaeological Trusts, and Cadw's scheduled monument and listed building database. The Historic Wales website ([http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/NMW/start.jsp|http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/NMW/start.jsp]) has been developed as the entry point to theses data sets.
The Extended National Database for Wales (END). The END is based on a partnership of Welsh heritage bodies, including the [RCAHMW|Glossary#RCAHMW|target='_blank'], the Archaeological Trusts of Wales, [Cadw|Glossary#Cadw|target='_blank'] and the National Museums and Galleries of Wales (NMGW) who have created a national index of archaeological and architectural information. The information encompasses NMRW's site database, the Sites and Monuments Records held by each of the four Archaeological Trusts, and Cadw's scheduled monument and listed building database. The Historic Wales website ([http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/NMW/start.jsp|http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/NMW/start.jsp]) has been developed as the entry point to theses data sets.
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The RCAHMW has made a selection of information from the NMRW available on the Internet through the on-line ''[Coflein|http://www.coflein.gov.uk/]'' database. This is currently available only in English but a Welsh Language version is planned.
The [RCAHMW|Glossary#RCAHMW|target='_blank'] has made a selection of information from the NMRW available on the Internet through the on-line ''[Coflein|http://www.coflein.gov.uk/]'' database. This is currently available only in English but a Welsh Language version is planned.
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Historic Scotland provides a digital version (in Shape File format) of the Scheduled Ancient Monument designations for use within a GIS. This information provides an indication of the legally protected extent, the statutory designation remaining within the paper document. Listed building information is available via Pastmap (see below).
Historic Environment Scotland provides digital versions (in Shape File format) of all the designations datasets for use within a GIS. These can be downloaded from their [website|http://portal.historic-scotland.gov.uk/spatialdownloads], and includes Sheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Gardens and Designed Landscapes, Battlefields, Historic Marine Protected Areas, World Heritage Sites and Conservation Areas (on behalf of local authorities). These spatial datasets are also available as Web Services or as Atom Feeds.
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Pastmap ([http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/PASTMAP/start.jsp|http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/PASTMAP/start.jsp]) is a map enabled query system for Scottish National Archaeological and Architectural Datasets (Listed Buildings, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, National Monuments Record of Scotland, Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes and some Sites and Monuments Records). This site, curated for the Scottish Ministers, is a partnership project between Historic Scotland and the RCAHMS, and also incorporates a dataset managed by Historic Scotland (Inventory of Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes).” Scottish Ministers have just transferred sole responsibility for compiling and maintaining the Inventory to HS. Pastmap is being further developed with the Scottish SMRs as active partners, and the site hosts GIS data from several SMRs, with a view to having full coverage within 3 years time. A link to HLA data is also available through this portal (See case study in [E.5.11|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/ifp/Wiki.jsp?page=SectionE.5#section-SectionE.5-E.5.11SolvingTheHLAInPlanningProblemAberdeenshireCaseStudy]).
Pastmap ([http://pastmap.org.uk/|http://pastmap.org.uk/]) provides free online access to map-based information about Scotland’s historic environment. It brings together data from project partners, including Historic Environment Scotland and local authority HERs, into a single web portal. It is operated by Historic Environment Scotland in partnership with local government archaeological curators, and includes information from an increasing variety of other sources.
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In common with the OS record cards and the National Archaeological Record (NAR), most English SMRs were first compiled by trawling through information published in specialist local and national journals, monographs and thematic gazetteers to identify references to sites and monuments. Additional information was obtained from local museum and society records and from documentary archives, including the archives of local researchers, such as antiquarians, OS correspondents and others. Documentary and cartographic archives remain valuable sources for HER revision and enhancement. In Scotland where initial compilation in most cases took place later than in England, it was generally undertaken via a download of digital data from the National Monuments Record for Scotland.
In common with the [OS record cards|Glossary#OS card index|target='_blank'] and the [National Archaeological Record (NAR)|Glossary#NAR|target='_blank'], most English SMRs were first compiled by trawling through information published in specialist local and national journals, monographs and thematic gazetteers to identify references to sites and monuments. Additional information was obtained from local museum and society records and from documentary archives, including the archives of local researchers, such as antiquarians, OS correspondents and others. Documentary and cartographic archives remain valuable sources for HER revision and enhancement. In Scotland where initial compilation in most cases took place later than in England, it was generally undertaken via a download of digital data from the National Monuments Record for Scotland.
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**Statistical Accounts of Scotland
**Ordnance Survey Name Books
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**English Heritage/RCHME topical publications
**Historic England/English Heritage/RCHME topical publications
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**Vertical and Oblique coverage from 1945 onwards from the Cambridge University Collection of Air Photos (CUCAP)([http://venus.uflm.cam.ac.uk/|http://venus.uflm.cam.ac.uk/])
**Vertical coverage from c 1940 onwards: available from the NMRs
**Oblique coverage from 1930 to the present: available from the NMRs/HER/others
**Vertical and Oblique coverage from 1945 onwards from the Cambridge University Collection of Air Photos (CUCAP)([http://www.geog.cam.ac.uk/cucap/|http://www.geog.cam.ac.uk/cucap/])
**Vertical coverage from c 1940 onwards: available from Historic England and the NMRs
**Oblique coverage from 1930 to the present: available from Historic England, the NMRs/HER/others
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*__Defining Boundaries__ – The sea is not divided into convenient administrative areas like the land and local authorities do not have powers below low water mark However, some HERs are developing maritime components and becoming involved in providing advice on marine archaeological features. Neighbouring Local Authority HERs should discuss how County/District boundaries will be extended in the form of arbitrary quasi-administrative areas Planning powers in Scotland do not currently extend beyond the low watermark – see [http://www.scotland.gov.uk/environment/coastalforum/scotscoast.asp#4|http://www.scotland.gov.uk/environment/coastalforum/scotscoast.asp#4] for a discussion of the current framework for coastal management in Scotland)
*__Defining Boundaries__ – The sea is not divided into convenient administrative areas like the land and local authorities do not have powers below low water mark However, some HERs are developing maritime components and becoming involved in providing advice on marine archaeological features. Neighbouring Local Authority HERs should discuss how County/District boundaries will be extended in the form of arbitrary quasi-administrative areas. Planning powers in Scotland do not currently extend beyond the low watermark.
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*__Data sources__ – To create a sub-tidal HER source material should be identified and assessed, after consultation of the maritime component of the NMR for English HERs. As a baseline HERs should seek to consult: -
*__Data sources__ – To create a sub-tidal HER source material should be identified and assessed, after consultation of the maritime component of the NRHE for English HERs. As a baseline HERs should seek to consult: -
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**Larn and Larn, Shipwreck Index of the British Isles. (Larn and Larn 1995a, 1995b, 1997, 1998 and 2000).
**Larn and Larn, Shipwreck Index of the British Isles. ([Larn and Larn 1995a|Bibliography#Larn and Larn 1995a|target='_blank'], [1995b|Bibliography#Larn and Larn 1995b|target='_blank'], [1997|Bibliography#Larn and Larn 1997|target='_blank'], [1998|Bibliography#Larn and Larn 1998|target='_blank'] and [2000|Bibliography#Larn and Larn 2000|target='_blank']).
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In Scotland the RCAHMS gathers maritime information centrally and distributes it to the relevant SMRs as part of the on-going data exchange programmes.
In Scotland, Historic Environment Scotland gathers maritime information centrally and distributes it to the relevant HERs as part of the on-going data exchange programmes.
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In addition to statutory datasets (SMs and LBs) noted above, these can include the results of projects such as the Portable Antiquities Scheme or large scale survey projects for example funded by the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund, English Heritage or Historic Scotland In the past individual HERs had little influence over the data structure of such digital sources, limiting their effective integration. Many HERs did not have the staff time to allow them to recast the data correctly, resulting in backlogs. This meant that the resources created by such projects were underused. This problem has been recognised and is now being addressed in England by greater consultation with the EH NMR Data Standards Unit and HERs at the project planning stage and by the development of interoperability standards such as the FISH toolkit.
In addition to statutory datasets (SMs and LBs) noted above, these can include the results of projects such as the Portable Antiquities Scheme or large scale survey projects for example funded by the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund, [Historic England|Glossary#Historic England|target='_blank'] or Historic Environment Scotland. In the past individual HERs had little influence over the data structure of such digital sources, limiting their effective integration. Many HERs did not have the staff time to allow them to recast the data correctly, resulting in backlogs. This meant that the resources created by such projects were underused. This problem has been recognised and is now being addressed in England by greater consultation with the EH Data Standards Unit and HERs at the project planning stage and by the development of interoperability standards such as the FISH toolkit.
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In Scotland in 2004 all Scottish SMRs, RCAHMS, Historic Scotland and the Scottish archaeological contracting units took a joint decision that reporting of archaeological events should conform to a standard form and procedure. The result is ASPIRE, an Archaeological Standard Protocol for the Integrated Reporting of Events. ASPIRE rigorously specifies data structure, data type and required fields for reporting new archaeological information to SMRs and the RCAHMS. This specification includes databases and GIS layers and encourages their use. From late 2005 the use of the ASPIRE protocol is enforceable via the development control process nationally as well as being a condition of grant/contract for HS funds. In addition its use is actively promoted and encouraged for non-commercial archaeological events such as academic and amateur surveys and excavations.
In Scotland in 2004 all Scottish SMRs, RCAHMS, Historic Scotland and the Scottish archaeological contracting units took a joint decision that reporting of archaeological events should conform to a standard form and procedure. The result is [ASPIRE|Glossary#ASPIRE|target='_blank'], an Archaeological Standard Protocol for the Integrated Reporting of Events. ASPIRE rigorously specifies data structure, data type and required fields for reporting new archaeological information to HERs and HES. This specification includes databases and GIS layers and encourages their use. In addition to its use for commercial projects, ASPIRE has been promoted and encouraged for non-commercial archaeological events such as academic and amateur surveys and excavations.
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In addition HERs may wish to incorporate digital information from other HERs to provide a better context for the data they manage. Examples of this might include the incorporation of a city UAD into a county HER or a buffer zone of HER data from adjacent local authorities around a county or district HER boundary. Such information would be viewed but not curated by the receiving HER and would not affect the management responsibilities of the reciprocating organisations.
In addition HERs may wish to incorporate digital information from other HERs to provide a better context for the data they manage. Examples of this might include the incorporation of a city [UAD|Glossary#UAD|target='_blank'] into a county HER or a buffer zone of HER data from adjacent local authorities around a county or district HER boundary. Such information would be viewed but not curated by the receiving HER and would not affect the management responsibilities of the reciprocating organisations.
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See also section C.8.1 on online sources.
See also section [C.8.1|http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/ifp/Wiki.jsp?page=SectionC.8#section-SectionC.8-C.8.1OnlineSources] on online sources.
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Great Britain Historical GIS Project: [http://hds.essex.ac.uk/gbh.asp|http://hds.essex.ac.uk/gbh.asp], [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/|http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/]
Great Britain Historical GIS Project: [http://www.port.ac.uk/research/gbhgis/]\\
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[http://www.old-maps.co.uk/|http://www.old-maps.co.uk/]\\
[http://www.old-maps.co.uk/index.html|http://www.old-maps.co.uk/index.html]\\
This page (revision-25) was last changed on 12-May-2016 16:02 by Chris MartinTop