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[{TableOfContents title='G: Glossary and List of Abbreviations'}]
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|IFA|Institute of Field Archaeologists: is the professional organisation for archaeologists in the United Kingdom. It promotes professional standards and ethics for conserving, managing, understanding and promoting enjoyment of heritage.
|IfA|Institute for Archaeologists: is the professional organisation for archaeologists in the United Kingdom. It promotes professional standards and ethics for conserving, managing, understanding and promoting enjoyment of heritage.
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|NMRE|National Monuments Record (England): an information resource for England's historic environment established by the RCHME and now maintained by English Heritage. The NMR contains major collections of aerial photographs, ground photographs of buildings and archaeological monuments, plans, sketches and drawings and databases of monuments, events and archives.
|NMRE|National Monuments Record (England) was a directorate within English Heritage established by the RCHME. The NMREs collections including aerial photographs, ground photographs of buildings and archaeological monuments, plans, sketches and drawings are now curated by The English Heritage Archive. The NMRs databases of monuments and events is now know as The National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE).
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|ODPM|Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, see DCLG
|NRHE|National Record of the Historic Environment, a database of monuments and recording events in England maintained by English Heritage and available online via the PastScape Website.
|ODPM|Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, see DCLG.
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|WAG|Welsh Assembly Government.
|WG|Welsh Government.
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|Archwilio| The website that gives on-line access to the Historic Environment Records of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts.
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|BAR|Buildings at Risk.
|BAR|Buildings at Risk. In England this is now part of HaR.
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|Excavation Index|English Heritage's record of archaeological interventions in England maintained by the NMR
|Excavation Index|English Heritage's record of archaeological interventions in England maintained.
|HaR| Heritage at Risk
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|Heritage Gateway|English Heritage is currently co-ordinating a project in partnership with ALGAO and the IHBC to build a ‘Heritage Gateway’ This will act as a portal to the resources of English Heritage including the new Heritage Protection Reform (HPR) Register of Historic Sites and Buildings of England (RHSBE), the National Monuments Record (NMRE) and local authority Historic Environment Records (HERs) and the wider sector (including national and thematic recording projects) by facilitating distributed searches to provide a rich and diverse experience to users wishing to explore England’s archaeological and architectural heritage.
|Heritage Gateway|English Heritage co-ordinates a partnership projrct with ALGAO and the IHBC to maintain a portal to local and national historic environment resources including the National Heritage List for England (NHLE), the National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) and local authority Historic Environment Records (HERs) by facilitating distributed searches to provide a rich and diverse experience to users wishing to explore England’s archaeological and architectural heritage.
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|NAR|National Archaeological Record: based on the card index developed by the OS's Archaeology Division, formerly maintained by the RCHME and later incorporated into the NMR.
|NLAP|National Library of Air Photographs: a collection of vertical and oblique aerial photographs providing complete national coverage of England. Maintained by the NMR.
|NAR|National Archaeological Record: based on the card index developed by the OS's Archaeology Division, formerly maintained by the RCHME and later incorporated into the NRHE.
|NLAP|National Library of Air Photographs: a collection of vertical and oblique aerial photographs providing complete national coverage of England. Maintained by the English Heritage Archive.
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|National Heritage Datasets|A series of computer-based records maintained by English Heritage, including: National Monuments Record (the AMIE database); Record of Scheduled Monuments (RSM database); List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest (LBS database); Register of Parks and Gardens; Battlefields Register; Buildings at Risk Register; Protected Wrecks and list of World Heritage Sites.
|National Heritage Datasets|A series of computer-based records maintained by English Heritage, including: National Record Record of the Historic Environment and the National Heritage List for England.
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|PastScape|Online resource developed by English Heritage’s National Monuments Record (NMR) which provides an easy-to-use way to find information about many of England’s ancient and historical sites, buildings and monuments. The information within PastScape is taken directly from the NMR’s national historic environment database. These records contain descriptions of any interesting archaeological details, pictures (where available) and links to maps and aerial photographs on other websites.
|PastScape|Online resource developed by English Heritage which provides an easy-to-use way to find information about many of England’s ancient and historical sites, buildings and monuments. The information within PastScape is taken directly from the National Record of the Historic Evironment. These records contain descriptions of any interesting archaeological details, pictures (where available) and links to maps and aerial photographs on other websites.
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|SMaR| Scheduled Monuments at Risk in England, now part of HaR.
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|NHLE|National Heritage List for England: A list combining historic environment sesignations together comprising: listed buildings, scheduled monuments, registered parks and gardens, registered battlefields, protected wrecks and World Heritage Sites.
|NPPF|National Planning Policy Framework
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|Planning Practice Guidance| A series of guidance notes produced by government to support the implementation of the NPPF. The guidance covers a range of topics from advertisements to waste and water supply. There is a specific guidance document on 'Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment'.
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|PPG 15|Planning Policy Guidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment, now replaced by the NPPF.
|PPG 16|Planning Policy Guidance Note 16: Archaeology and Planning, now replaced by the NPPF.
|PPS5| Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment, this replaced PPGs 15 and 16 and has now been replaced itself by the NPPF.
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|AIFA|Associate member of the Institute of Field Archaeologists.
|AIfA|Associate member of the Institute for Archaeologists.
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|MIFA|Member of the Institute of Field Archaeologists.
|MIfA|Member of the Institute for Archaeologists.
|NHPP| National Heritage Protection Plan (England).
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|PIFA|Practitioner member of the Institute of Field Archaeologists.
|PIfA|Practitioner member of the Institute for Archaeologists.
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|AMIE|A computer database developed for the RCHME's (now English Heritage's) NMR to hold text-based information about monuments, archives and events. This replaced NewHIS.
|AMIE|A computer database developed for the RCHME's (now English Heritage) to hold text-based information about monuments, archives and events. It holds the data on the National Record of the Historic Environment, Excavation Index and archive catalogues. This replaced NewHIS.
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|HBSMR|A software package for HERs that implements the MIDAS data standard which was jointly developed by the NMR and exeGesIS SDM Ltd in partnership with ALGAO. An earlier version was called SMR.
|HBSMR|A software package for HERs that implements the MIDAS data standard which was jointly developed by the RCHME (now English Heritage) and exeGesIS SDM Ltd in partnership with ALGAO. An earlier version was called SMR.
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|MONARCH|A computer database developed for the RCHME's (now English Heritage's) NMR to hold text-based information about monuments, archives and events. This was replaced by NewHIS, and now by AMIE.
|MONARCH|A computer database developed for the RCHME (now English Heritage) to hold text-based information about monuments, archives and events. This was replaced by NewHIS, and now by AMIE.
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|NewHIS|A computer database developed for English Heritage's NMR to hold text-based information about monuments, archives and events. This replaced MONARCH, but has been superceded by AMIE.
|NewHIS|A computer database developed for English Heritage to hold text-based information about monuments, archives and events. This replaced MONARCH, but has been superceded by AMIE.
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|Recording-practice guidelines|Desk manuals for use in HERs and the NMR that are based around national data standards but which aim to provide practical guidance on how to record in the local situation. They may include guidelines on sources, monument categories, adding and editing records, etc.
|Recording-practice guidelines|Desk manuals for use in HERs, English Heritage and the NMRs that are based around national data standards but which aim to provide practical guidance on how to record in the local situation. They may include guidelines on sources, monument categories, adding and editing records, etc.
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|OSGB36|OS maritime projection.
|OSGB36|OS map projection.
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|WGS84|World Geodetic System, a maritime projection.
|WGS84|World Geodetic System map projection.
!!!G.9 Data standards
|AM107|A Scheduled Monument reporting form.
|AN32|A recording form for information about scheduled monuments developed by English Heritage in the early 1980s.
|Archaeological ObjectsThesaurus|A thesaurus that is maintained by the mda as part of INSCRIPTION to provide indexing terminology for archaeological objects.
|Authority list|A list of terms, whether numeric or alphabetic, that is used to control the entry of terms into a unit of information.
|Bath Profile|An International Z39.50 Specification for Library Applications and Resource Discovery
|Broader term|A term that represents a parent to a term or other terms. The broader term is super-ordinate to its subordinate narrow term. One term may have many narrower terms and, in turn, each narrow term may itself have narrower terms.
|Candidate term|A new term that has been proposed for inclusion in a thesaurus or wordlist.
|Class|A grouping of terms representing concepts within a general subject area. The terms within a class need not be hierarchically related.
|Compound term|A term that is made up of two or more concepts. These are usually divided up into separate terms for each concept except where this affects the meaning or where its use is very well established.
|Data dictionary|A reference work that sets out.the data fields or units of information incorporated into a computer system or card index. A data dictionary specifies the information that it is appropriate to record in each field and any wordlists or thesauri to be used.
|Data model|A generalised, user-defined view of data representing the real world and entitles therein. For example, the concepts of monuments and events, and their relationship is a model of 'real world' entitles expressed through a particular organisation of data.
|Data standards|Data standards set out what information it is important to record about a particular subject and how this should be carried out. The aim is to promote consistency in the way in which information is recorded to enable its retrieval.
|Dublin Core|A standard content-description model widely used on the internet..
|e-Gov metadata standard|A list of the elements and refinements that will be used by the public sector to create metadata for information resources. It also gives guidance on the purpose and use of each element.
|Grouping term|A broader term used to gather a group of terms together but not to be used in recording.
|Hierarchical wordlist|A wordlist containing a hierarchy but no other form of relationship.
|Hierarchy|An arrangement of terms showing broader and narrower relationships between the terms.
|Homograph|Homographs are terms that have the same spelling but different meanings. The meanings are usually differentiated from each other by using a qualifier within round brackets after the term, for example Bank (Financial) and Bank (Earthwork).
|INSCRIPTION|The national heritage reference dataset, a collection of wordlists and thesauri developed by various heritage bodies, both national and regional, that are recommended for use in conjunction with MIDAS.
|MIDAS|Monument Inventory Data Standard, a data standard for inventories of monuments. It was agreed by representatives from organisations directly involved in the recording of England's monuments working together as the Data Standards Working Party, now FISH. MIDAS is a 'content' standard.
|Narrower term|A term that represents a specific sub-set of the concepts represented by another term. A narrower term can have more than one broader term.
|Non-preferred term|A term that cannot be selected for indexing or retrieval, it is treated as synonymous with another term, the preferred term.
|Noun phrase|A phrase which acts in the same way as a noun. Terms in wordlists consist of nouns and/or noun phrases.
|Preferred term|A term which can be selected for retrieval and can be used for indexing.
|Recording standards|Agreed standards for recording information within a computer system or card index. See Data standards and Data dictionary.
|Related term|A preferred term linked to another preferred term conce tually but not hierarchically, for example 'Stable' and 'Tack Shed'. Although both terms are to do with horses there is not a hierarchical relationship but the conceptual link is so close that anybody looking for 'Tack Sheds' might also want to look for 'Stables'.
|Scope note|A definition of a term for the purposes of the terminology list. It may, or may not, also include guidance upon its use.
|Simple wordlist|A list of.terms that do not have any relationships built into the wordlist and do not have multiple elements attached to the same concept.
|SPECTRUM|The UK museum documentation standard published by the mda. This standard is integral to MGC registration for museums and is being implemented throughout the UK and worldwide in both manual and computerised systems.
|Synonym|A term having a different form or spelling but the same or nearly the same meaning as another term, for example, Slaughter House and Abattoir or Dovecote and Dovecot.
|Term list|Another phrase for a wordlist.
|Terminology control|The overall concept of the use of terms to control the recording and retrieval of any given unit of information.
|Thesaurus|A list of concepts or terms that normally shows equivalence, hierarchical and associative relationships. A thesaurus is a flexible indexing and retrieval tool.
|Thesaurus of Building Materials|A thesaurus maintained by English Heritage as part of INSCRIPTION to provide an index to materials used in the construction of buildings and other structures such as public monuments, garden ornaments, street furniture, etc.
|Thesaurus of Monument Types|A thesaurus maintained by English Heritage as part of INSCRIPTION to provide an index to monuments, buildings and other built structures by character and function.
|Unit of information|Units of 'reformation are the fundamental facts of interest contained within an information system whether computerised or manual.
|Wordlist|A standard list of terminology used to control information recorded in a specific field in a database.
|Z39.50|A communications protocol designed to enable communciation between computer systems.
!!!G.10 Information technology and the internet
|Anti-virus software|Software that is designed to identify the presence of computer viruses and which provides facilities for their safe removal from a computer system. This software incorporates an index to currently known viruses, and as new versions are rapidly introduced, must be regularly updated.
|ASCII|American Standard Code for Information Interchange text or delimited text for structured data.
|Backing-up data|The process by which copies are made of computer data and placed in safe storage to provide a facility to restore information in the event of system failures or other losses (such as theft of computers).
|CD/CD-ROM/CD-RW|Compact Disc/Compact Disc Read-Only Memory/Compact Disk – Rewritable.
|Data capture|The process of capturing information into a computer system. This may involve direct input from a keyboard, scanning, digitising or transfers of digital data from external sources.
|Data migration|The planned movement of data to new formats and more recent versions of software.
|Data transfer|Transfer of digital data between one computer system and another.
|DDE|Dynamic Data Exchange: a protocol incorporated into the Windows operating system that allows one application to exchange data or to trigger an action in another application.
|Digital archiving|Long-term preservation and future use of static digital data.
|DVD/DVD-ROM|Digital Video or Digital Versatile Disc/Digital Video or Digital Versatile Disc – Read Only Memory.
|Emulation|A software interface between operating system and the data together with the program needed to read it.
|Firewall|A protective security screen to control access to locally held resources from unauthorised outside users.
|Flatfile|A computer record system based on a single data table in which a record consists of a row of data fields.
|FTP|File Transfer Protocol: a way of transferring digital data between source and destination systems.
|GiGateway|A free web service aimed at increasing awareness of and access to geospatial information in the UK.
|GML|Geography Markup Language
|GUI|Graphical User Interface: a method of interaction with a computer which uses pictorial buttons (icons) and command lists controlled by a mouse.
|Hypertext|Document files prepared in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for, use on the World Wide Web. These documents incorporate text with links to images, digital data and other documents.
|lnternet|A global communications network made up of millions of computers. Access to the World Wide Web and electronic mail or 'email' are normally considered as the most important internet services.
|lntranet|Closed computer networks that are established by organisations to serve the computing needs of their staff.
|ISP|Internet Service Provider: an organisation that offers services including access to the World Wide Web and email.
|IT|Information technology.
|LAN|Local Area Network: a computer network maintained by an organisation to connect computers within a building or a single site.
|Modem|An input-output device which is used to transmit and receive digital signals between computers across the internet.
|Multimedia|A term used to describe materials available on the internet which incorporate text, images, video clips and sound clips.
|ODBC|Open Database Connectivity: a set of protocols that allows a database application held on a client machine to interact with a different database application held on a server across a network. For example, using ODBC an Access database on a work station can query and exchange data with an Oracle'database on a network server.
|OLE|Object Linking and Embedding: a protocol that is incorporated into the Windows operating system. It allows programs to communicate with each other and is used to link or embed objects creating a compound document, for example an Access form might contain a Word document, an Excel spreadsheet or a Maplnfo workspace. Linking means that data is retrieved from its original file. Embedding means that data from the original file is copied into the compound document.
|Passwords|These are codewords, normally made up of a mixture of letters and numbers, that are used to limit entry to computers, networks and other systems to authorised persons.
|PC|Personal Computer: a desktop computer which incorporates a monitor, keyboard, central processing unit and memory storage space used to run applications software.
|RAID|Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
|Relational database|A database which structures data in the form of tables. Each table contains information relevant to a particular feature, and is linked to other tables by a common value. For example, two attribute tables could be lined to a spatial data table via a geocode, such as a postcode, or a unique identifier.
|Technology preservation|The maintenance of hardware, operating systems and applications used to create specific data.
|Trojan horse|A type of program that is moved insidiously on to a computer system to be triggered at sometime by certain pre-defined actions, usually with disastrous consequences.
|URL|Universal Resource Locator: an address used to identify resources on the World Wide Web.
|Viruses|A computer virus is a self-replicating programme, which may or may not be harmful. Viruses are inadvertently spread from computer to computer on floppy discs, email attachments and from the internet. Once introduced on to a computer they may simply display a message on screen but some cause damage to data files.
|WAN|Wide Area Network: a computer network for a series of buildings which may be widely separated across the country.
|Web server|A web server is a computer that provides access to HTML documents and other web-enabled materials stored on its hard disc or memory. This may simply be a personal computer with appropriate communications software and a connection to the internet, or it may be a higherspecification machine maintained by an ISP or a large organisation.
|Website|A linked series of HTML documents that is available on the internet at a location identified by a URL is referred to as a website. A web page is a single HTML document.
|Web space|Space on the web server that may be used for file storage and for a website. Websites have an address or URL which locates a hypertext file on the World Wide Web.
|Worms|A destructive program that replicates itself throughout a single computer or across a network, both wired and wireless.
|www|World Wide Web
|XML|Extensible Markup language
!!!G.11 Access and copyright
|Copyright|Legal rights associated with the originators of material.
|Database Right|Legal rights associated with the originators of computer databases.
|DDA|Disability Discrimination Act
|EIR|Environmental Information Regulations 2004
|FoI|Freedom of Information Act 2000
|Free Text Search|A query made where there is no control of the terminology that is searched upon: for example a search on 'house' would find any instance where the word is used regardless of its context.
|Freedom of access to information on the environment|1990 EC directive (90/313/EEC) concerning public access to information on the environment, implemented in Great Britain through the 1992 Environmental Information Regulations (SI 1447) by the DETR. Under these regulations environmental information relates to the state of any' water or air, flora or fauna, soil, natural or other land. The 'state' includes physical, chemical and biological conditions in the past, present and future. The 'land' includes all land surfaces, buildings, land covered by water and underground strata.
|Licensing|A form of agreement between two parties in which one party is permitted to carry out some action by another. For example, an OS licence permits the licence-holder to use or copy OS maps within specified conditions.
|National Archaeology Day|Annual events organised by the CBA's Young Archaeologists Club to offer their members an opportunity to participate in activities organised in partnerships with museums, SMRS, archaeology units and others.
|National curriculum|The curriculum taught in schools to children between the ages of 5 and 16 co-ordinated nationally by the Department of Education.
|User declaration forms|These are forms that set out the role of the SMR and its commitment to conservation and preservation of the historic environment.
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This page (revision-38) was last changed on 25-Sep-2018 10:06 by Staffordshire Historic Environment RecordTop