Lewis, J. M. and Boon, G. C., eds. (1976). Welsh Antiquity.

The recognition that occupation at Nanna's Cave (Caldey) belongs to the Late Devensian not the Boreal, allows the assignment of a firm Upper Palaeolithic date to the industries of Creswellian type from both Nanna and the Hoyle. A review of recent Neo-BA studies shows that the usual terms Early-Middle-Late are becoming increasingly unsatisfactory unless they can be tied by absolute dates, a tentative scheme for which is drawn up. Beaker developments in Wales and the Marches are discussed in terms of Lanting/van der Waals steps, and relationships between Welsh and Low Countries ceramics are briefly discussed.

The priority of portal dolmens over the Irish façade tombs and the Severn-Cotswold tradition is suggested by associations of pottery of Clegyr Boia type and confirmed by the two-stage monuments of Dyffryn Ardudwy, Pentre Ifan and Carnedd Hengwm South. The Welsh tombs of Severn-Cotswold type produce wares related to Abingdon and Ebbsfleet; the small 'chamber-and-passage' tombs are so far undatable but could be early on Scottish analogies. In a class by themselves are the large passage graves of Anglesey.

SO 294219. Excavations in the 1-8ha partly bivallate fort concentrated first on the three entrances, to determine a sequence, and are now directed towards the rather fragmentary house remains in the interior. Period I (?5th century BC) saw at least eight phases of fence round a ?stock annexe to a promontory fort; subsequent developments included full defence of the annexe, inturning of E gate (threshold slot, no guardrooms); further modifications to gate with stamped wares of Malvern type, and final reduction to 0-5ha. Other pottery compares with Lydney and Llanmelin, and there are La Tène straight-rod and involuted brooches. The site is discussed in its Marches context; it appears linked with Croft Ambrey etc until ?end 3rd century, when it may have come just within Silurian territory.

SH 373781. The terret found during rescue excavations at Y Werthyr is of Don or 'massive' type with heavy lips; the twenty-two previous finds are catalogued and theories about them reviewed. The type probably developed in NE Scotland in 1st-2nd centuries and was widely distributed and long-used. The exact function is puzzling; wear is on the top of the loops as if the 'terrets' were used upside down. Appended is a metallurgical report for two examples, one brass, one bronze.

Nash-Williams' corpus forms the basis for an intensive study of the area richest in stones (roughly old Pembrokeshire). Irish and non-Irish features of inscribed stones (Group 1) are discussed and mapped. Some additions and deletions are listed for cross-decorated stones (Group 2). Cross types are mapped and their affinities and date-range considered. Sites of stones and churches are plotted, and inscribed (5th-6th centuries AD) and cross-carved stones are found to exhibit different distribution patterns. Sites where later stones are concentrated often important in later ecclesiastical history, like St David's, may not have originated early, while some sites important in 5th and 6th centuries may not have survived. Sites where stones attest Early Christian activity are listed under the headings Churches, Cemeteries, Earthworks and Other Sites. AH